University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Jun;82:30-45. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.02.004. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Several factors increase the risk of breast cancer development, including patient characteristics, lifestyle habits, and predisposing genetic mutations. Once a diagnosis of breast cancer has been established, treatment decisions are guided by breast cancer stage and phenotype. Immunohistochemistry is used to quantify estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expressions. In this chapter, we will focus on the management of localized and metastatic breast cancer, guided by the breast cancer hormone receptor status (ER and PR expression) and HER2 expression identified at diagnosis.
乳腺癌是最常见的癌症，也是全球女性癌症死亡的主要原因。一些因素增加了乳腺癌发展的风险，包括患者特征、生活方式习惯和易患的遗传突变。一旦确诊乳腺癌，治疗决策就会根据乳腺癌的分期和表型来指导。免疫组织化学用于定量雌激素受体 (ER)、孕激素受体 (PR) 和人表皮生长因子 2 (HER2) 的表达。在这一章中，我们将根据诊断时确定的乳腺癌激素受体状态 (ER 和 PR 表达) 和 HER2 表达，重点讨论局限性和转移性乳腺癌的管理。
