Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Ann Anat. 2022 Aug;243:151934. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151934. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
Previous studies suggest that the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle could have a cutaneous branch. However, its clinical relevance has rarely been discussed because there is insufficient evidence for it. Our aim in this study was to investigate the anatomy of the cutaneous branch of the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle and extend the discussion to surgical management.
Twenty sides from ten embalmed cadaveric heads were dissected to identify the cutaneous branch of the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle. The cutaneous branch was traced up to its termination.
The cutaneous branch was observed in 90% and classified into types I and II. In type I, the terminal trunk reached the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. In type II there were two types of terminal trunks, superior and inferior branches, which were identified on all sides. The number of the terminal trunk was one in 23.1% (type I; 6/26) and two in 76.9% (type II; 20/26). The terminal points of the cutaneous branch were all located within a 3 cm × 2 cm rectangular segment in the center of the submental area.
We propose a new dermatome including the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle in the center. Understanding the cutaneous branch of the nerve could help surgeons to prevent iatrogenic sensory loss of the submental area.
先前的研究表明，下颌舌骨肌神经可能有皮支。然而，由于证据不足，其临床相关性很少被讨论。我们在这项研究中的目的是探讨下颌舌骨肌神经皮支的解剖结构，并将讨论扩展到手术管理。
对 10 具防腐头颅的 20 侧进行解剖，以确定下颌舌骨肌神经的皮支。追踪皮支直至其末端。
90%的标本观察到皮支，可分为 I 型和 II 型。在 I 型中，终末干到达二腹肌前腹。在 II 型中，有两种终末干，即上支和下支，在所有标本中都能识别。终末干的数量为 1 个占 23.1%（I 型；6/26），2 个占 76.9%（II 型；20/26）。皮支的终末点均位于颏下区中心 3cm×2cm 的矩形段内。
我们提出了一个新的皮区，包括颏下区中心的下颌舌骨肌神经。了解下颌舌骨肌神经的皮支可以帮助外科医生预防颏下区的医源性感觉丧失。
