Cesanelli Leonardo, Ammar Achraf, Arede Jorge, Calleja-González Julio, Leite Nuno
Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo I-90128, Italy.
Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
Biol Sport. 2022 Mar;39(2):329-340. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.105334. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
Changes and relationships between cycling performance indicators following a one-year strength and conditioning training have not been totally clarified. The aims of this study are to investigate (i) the effect of a combined one-year strength and conditioning training programme on performance indicators and the possible relationships between these indicators, and (ii) the existence of possible endurance-functional-adaptive windows (EFAWs) linked to changes in muscular strength and body composition markers. Functional and lactate threshold power (FTP and LTP), maximal strength (1RM) and body composition (body mass index [BMI], body cell mass [BCM] and phase angle [PA]) were measured at the beginning and the end of a one-year strength and conditioning training programme of thirty cyclists. Correlations, differences, and predictive analysis were performed among parameters. Significant differences were found between pre- and post-conditioning programme results for FTP, LTP, 1RM ( < 0.0001) and BCM ( = 0.038). When expressed as power output (W), FTP and LTP were significantly correlated with 1RM (r = 0.36, = 0.005 and r = 0.37, = 0.004, respectively), body mass (r = 0.30 and p = 0.02), BCM (r = 0.68, < 0.001) and PA (r = 0.42 and 0.39, respectively and < 0.001). When expressed as W·kg-¹, these power thresholds were strongly correlated with body mass (r = -0.56 and -0.61, respectively) and BMI (r = -0.57 and -0.61 respectively) with < 0.001. Predictive polynomial regressions revealed possible endurance and strength adaptation zones. The present findings indicated beneficial impacts of one-year strength and conditioning training on cycling performance indicators, confirmed the correlation between performance indicators, and suggested the existence of different EFAWs. Strategies aiming to improve performance should consider cyclist characteristics and performance goals to achieve EFAWs and thereby enhance cycling performance.
经过一年的力量与体能训练后，自行车运动表现指标之间的变化及关系尚未完全明确。本研究的目的是调查：（i）为期一年的力量与体能综合训练计划对表现指标的影响以及这些指标之间可能存在的关系；（ii）与肌肉力量和身体成分指标变化相关的耐力-功能-适应窗口（EFAW）的存在情况。对30名自行车运动员进行了为期一年的力量与体能训练计划，在训练开始和结束时测量了功能和乳酸阈功率（FTP和LTP）、最大力量（1RM）以及身体成分（体重指数[BMI]、身体细胞质量[BCM]和相位角[PA]）。对各参数进行了相关性、差异性和预测性分析。发现训练前和训练后计划结果在FTP、LTP、1RM（<0.0001）和BCM（=0.038）方面存在显著差异。当以功率输出（W）表示时，FTP和LTP与1RM显著相关（r分别为0.36，=0.005和r=0.37，=0.004）、体重（r=0.30，p=0.02）、BCM（r=0.68，<0.001）和PA（r分别为0.42和0.39，<0.001）。当以W·kg-¹表示时，这些功率阈值与体重（r分别为-0.56和-0.61）和BMI（r分别为-0.57和-0.61）高度相关，<0.001。预测多项式回归揭示了可能的耐力和力量适应区。本研究结果表明，为期一年的力量与体能训练对自行车运动表现指标有有益影响，证实了表现指标之间的相关性，并表明存在不同的EFAW。旨在提高表现的策略应考虑自行车运动员的特征和表现目标，以实现EFAW，从而提高自行车运动表现。
