School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sleep Med Rev. 2022 Apr;62:101605. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101605. Epub 2022 Feb 15.
Sleep spindles are key electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory events that occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Deficits in sleep spindles are present in populations with sleep and neurological disorders, and in severe mental illness. Pharmacological manipulation of these waveforms is of growing interest with therapeutic potential in targeting spindle deficits relating to memory impairment. This review integrates studies that provide insight into the feasibility of manipulating sleep spindles by using psychoactive drug classes, with consequent effects on sleep-dependent memory. Most studies showed that benzodiazepines and Z-drugs consistently enhanced sleep spindle activity unlike other psychoactive drug classes reviewed. However, how these spindle enhancements translate into improved sleep-dependent memory remains to be fully elucidated. From the few studies that examined both spindles and memory, preliminary evidence suggests that zolpidem may have some therapeutic potential to enhance declarative memory through boosting sleep spindle activity. There is a greater need to standardise methodological approaches for identifying and quantifying spindle activity as well as more exploratory studies to elucidate the role of spindle enhancement for other types of memory.
睡眠纺锤波是在非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠期间发生的关键脑电图 (EEG) 振荡事件。在睡眠和神经障碍以及严重精神疾病的人群中存在睡眠纺锤波不足的情况。这些波形的药理学操纵具有越来越大的兴趣，具有针对与记忆障碍相关的纺锤波缺陷的治疗潜力。这篇综述整合了研究，这些研究深入了解了使用精神活性药物类别来操纵睡眠纺锤波的可行性，以及对睡眠依赖型记忆的相应影响。大多数研究表明，苯二氮䓬类药物和 Z 类药物与其他研究的精神活性药物类别不同，一致地增强了睡眠纺锤波活动。然而，这些纺锤波增强如何转化为改善睡眠依赖型记忆仍有待充分阐明。从少数研究同时检查了纺锤波和记忆的研究中，初步证据表明，唑吡坦可能通过增强睡眠纺锤波活动而具有增强陈述性记忆的一些治疗潜力。需要进一步标准化方法，以确定和量化纺锤波活动，并进行更多的探索性研究，以阐明纺锤波增强对其他类型记忆的作用。
