Kahn Yonatan, Lin Tongyan
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
Rep Prog Phys. 2022 May 25;85(6). doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5f63.
Identifying the nature of dark matter (DM) has long been a pressing question for particle physics. In the face of ever-more-powerful exclusions and null results from large-exposure searches for TeV-scale DM interacting with nuclei, a significant amount of attention has shifted to lighter (sub-GeV) DM candidates. Direct detection of the light DM in our galaxy by observing DM scattering off a target system requires new approaches compared to prior searches. Lighter DM particles have less available kinetic energy, and achieving a kinematic match between DM and the target mandates the proper treatment of collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as charged quasiparticles or phonons. In this context, the condensed matter physics of the target material is crucial, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach. In this review, we provide a self-contained introduction to direct detection of keV-GeV DM with condensed matter systems. We give a brief survey of DM models and basics of condensed matter, while the bulk of the review deals with the theoretical treatment of DM-nucleon and DM-electron interactions. We also review recent experimental developments in detector technology, and conclude with an outlook for the field of sub-GeV DM detection over the next decade.
长期以来，确定暗物质（DM）的本质一直是粒子物理学中一个紧迫的问题。面对来自大型探测器对与原子核相互作用的太电子伏特（TeV）量级暗物质进行搜索时越来越强大的排除能力和零结果，大量注意力已转向更轻（亚GeV）的暗物质候选者。与之前的搜索相比，通过观察暗物质与目标系统的散射来直接探测我们星系中的轻暗物质需要新的方法。更轻的暗物质粒子具有更少的可用动能，要使暗物质与目标之间实现运动学匹配，就需要对凝聚态物质系统中的集体激发进行适当处理，例如带电准粒子或声子。在这种情况下，目标材料的凝聚态物理至关重要，这就需要一种跨学科的方法。在这篇综述中，我们对利用凝聚态物质系统直接探测keV-GeV暗物质进行了全面的介绍。我们简要概述了暗物质模型和凝聚态物质的基础知识，而综述的主体部分则涉及暗物质与核子以及暗物质与电子相互作用的理论处理。我们还回顾了探测器技术的最新实验进展，并对未来十年亚GeV暗物质探测领域进行了展望。
