Löfkvist Ulrika, Nilsson Sandra, Thalén Yvonne, Östlund Elisabet, Mared Hanna, Johansson Carina, Anmyr Lena, Karltorp Eva
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Assistive Technology Center of Dalarna, Region Dalarna, Sweden; School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 May;156:111103. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111103. Epub 2022 Mar 18.
Shared parenting among caregivers of different gender is common in the Swedish society. It is unclear if this includes shared contribution for children's language development. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore the natural language environment of children who were hard-of-hearing compared to typically hearing controls.
Seventy-two families with children aged 7-35 months participated; 22 children who were hard-of-hearing (Cochlear implants, n=11; Hearing aids, n=11) and 50 controls with typical hearing. The majority of caregivers had higher education background level, especially in the control group. Families conducted a daylong recording with the Language Environment Analysis technology, when both parents were present at home. An Interpreted Time Segmental analysis was performed to extract information about female versus male caregivers quantitative word use.
The results showed significant gender differences related to number of adult words, with less male words than female words (p <0.001). Male caregivers of children who were hard-of-hearing contributed with around 27 % of adult words during the recordings while males in the control group contributed with 37 %. There was a larger variation in number of female words in the study group than for controls, especially in mothers of children with cochlear implants.
Female caregivers talk significantly more close to young children than male caregivers, and especially in the subgroup of children with cochlear implants. Children who are hard-of-hearing are dependent on a rich language environment, and might be especially vulnerable if male caregivers are less involved as language facilitators. More studies are needed to explore caregiver gender differences, both related to quantitative and qualitative language stimulation.
在瑞典社会，不同性别的照料者共同育儿很常见。目前尚不清楚这是否包括对儿童语言发展的共同贡献。这项横断面研究的目的是探索与听力正常的对照组相比，听力障碍儿童的自然语言环境。
72个有7至35个月大孩子的家庭参与了研究；其中22名儿童听力障碍（11名植入人工耳蜗，11名佩戴助听器），50名作为听力正常的对照组。大多数照料者具有较高的教育背景水平，尤其是在对照组。当父母双方都在家时，这些家庭使用语言环境分析技术进行了为期一天的记录。进行了解释性时间片段分析，以提取有关女性与男性照料者定量词汇使用的信息。
结果显示，在成人词汇数量方面存在显著的性别差异，男性词汇比女性词汇少（p<0.001）。听力障碍儿童的男性照料者在记录过程中贡献了约27%的成人词汇，而对照组中的男性贡献了37%。与对照组相比，研究组中女性词汇数量的差异更大，尤其是在植入人工耳蜗儿童的母亲中。
女性照料者与幼儿交谈的次数明显多于男性照料者，尤其是在植入人工耳蜗儿童的亚组中。听力障碍儿童依赖丰富的语言环境，如果男性照料者较少作为语言促进者参与其中，他们可能特别容易受到影响。需要更多研究来探索照料者的性别差异，包括与定量和定性语言刺激相关的差异。
