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Gabrb3 内皮细胞特异性敲除小鼠表现出异常的血流、高血压和行为功能障碍。

Gabrb3 endothelial cell-specific knockout mice display abnormal blood flow, hypertension, and behavioral dysfunction.

机构信息

Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Huntington Medical Research Institutes (HMRI), 686 S Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA.

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 22;12(1):4922. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08806-9.

Abstract

Our recent studies uncovered a novel GABA signaling pathway in embryonic forebrain endothelial cells that works independently from neuronal GABA signaling and revealed that disruptions in endothelial GABA receptor-GABA signaling from early embryonic stages can directly contribute to the origin of psychiatric disorders. In the GABA receptor β3 subunit endothelial cell conditional knockout (Gabrb3) mice, the β3 subunit is deleted selectively from endothelial cells, therefore endothelial GABA receptors become inactivated and dysfunctional. There is a reduction in vessel densities and increased vessel morphology in the Gabrb3 telencephalon that persists in the adult neocortex. Gabrb3 mice show behavioral deficits such as impaired reciprocal social interactions, communication deficits, heightened anxiety, and depression. Here, we characterize the functional changes in Gabrb3 mice by evaluating cortical blood flow, examine the consequences of loss of endothelial Gabrb3 on cardiac tissue, and define more in-depth altered behaviors. Red blood cell velocity and blood flow were increased in the cortical microcirculation of the Gabrb3 mice. The Gabrb3 mice had a reduction in vessel densities in the heart, similar to the brain; exhibited wavy, myocardial fibers, with elongated 'worm-like' nuclei in their cardiac histology, and developed hypertension. Additional alterations in behavioral function were observed in the Gabrb3 mice such as increased spontaneous exploratory activity and rearing in an open field, reduced short term memory, decreased ambulatory activity in CLAMS testing, and altered prepulse inhibition to startle, an important biomarker of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. Our results imply that vascular Gabrb3 is a key player in the brain as well as the heart, and its loss in both organs can lead to concurrent development of psychiatric and cardiac dysfunction.

摘要

我们最近的研究揭示了胚胎前脑内皮细胞中一种新型的 GABA 信号通路,该通路独立于神经元 GABA 信号发挥作用,并表明早期胚胎阶段内皮细胞 GABA 受体-GABA 信号的中断可能直接导致精神疾病的发生。在内皮细胞条件性敲除 GABA 受体 β3 亚基(Gabrb3)的小鼠中,β3 亚基选择性地从内皮细胞中缺失,因此内皮细胞 GABA 受体失活和功能障碍。Gabrb3 端脑的血管密度降低,血管形态增加,这种情况在成年新皮质中持续存在。Gabrb3 小鼠表现出行为缺陷,如互惠社交互动受损、沟通障碍、焦虑和抑郁增加。在这里,我们通过评估皮质血流来描述 Gabrb3 小鼠的功能变化,研究内皮细胞 Gabrb3 缺失对心脏组织的影响,并确定更深入的改变行为。Gabrb3 小鼠大脑皮质微循环中的红细胞速度和血流增加。Gabrb3 小鼠心脏的血管密度降低,与大脑相似;其心脏组织学表现出波浪状的心肌纤维,带有拉长的“蠕虫样”核,并且发展为高血压。在 Gabrb3 小鼠中还观察到行为功能的其他改变,例如在开放场中自发探索活动和站立的增加、短期记忆减少、CLAMS 测试中活动减少以及对惊吓的预脉冲抑制改变,这是精神疾病(如精神分裂症)的重要生物标志物。我们的研究结果表明,血管 Gabrb3 是大脑和心脏的关键参与者,其在两个器官中的缺失都可能导致精神和心脏功能障碍的同时发生。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7e3/8941104/202a366cba3b/41598_2022_8806_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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