Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Cogn Emot. 2022 Aug;36(5):805-820. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2054779. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Guilt- and shame-prone responding were examined in a sample of 146, 18-month-old toddlers and their older siblings ( = 49.5 months, = 10.4) during mishap tasks which were used to differentiate both toddlers and their older siblings into Amenders (low avoidance) and Avoiders (high avoidance). Toddlers and older siblings classified as Amenders expressed more concern and were less distressed by the mishap than Avoiders. Children were divided into four groups: Amender-Amender (older sibling-toddler), Amender-Avoider, Avoider-Avoider, and Avoider-Amender to examine differences in sibling interaction and moral development. Older siblings in the Avoider-Avoider group were significantly more aggressive and less empathic toward toddlers than older siblings in the Avoider-Amender group. Toddlers in the Amender-Amender, Amender-Avoider, and Avoider-Amender groups showed significant gains in moral regulation from 18 to 24 months whereas toddlers in the Avoider-Avoider group did not. In contrast, while older siblings were generally high on moral regulation when toddlers were 18 months, this was not the case for older siblings in the Avoider-Avoider group, who had lower moral regulation scores that significantly increased over time. Findings are discussed with respect to the significance of sibling socialisation for toddlers' developing moral sensibility.
在一项由 146 名 18 个月大的幼儿及其年长兄弟姐妹（平均年龄为 49.5 个月，标准差为 10.4）组成的样本中，研究了内疚感和羞耻感倾向。在意外任务中，幼儿和他们的年长兄弟姐妹被分为纠正者（低回避）和回避者（高回避）。与回避者相比，被归类为纠正者的幼儿在意外事件中表现出更多的关注，也不太苦恼。将儿童分为四组：纠正者-纠正者（年长兄弟姐妹-幼儿）、纠正者-回避者、回避者-回避者和回避者-纠正者，以检验兄弟姐妹互动和道德发展的差异。回避者-回避者组的年长兄弟姐妹比回避者-纠正者组的年长兄弟姐妹对幼儿更具攻击性，同理心也更低。在 18 至 24 个月期间，纠正者-纠正者、纠正者-回避者和回避者-纠正者组的幼儿在道德调节方面表现出显著的进步，而回避者-回避者组的幼儿则没有。相比之下，虽然年长兄弟姐妹在幼儿 18 个月时通常在道德调节方面得分较高，但回避者-回避者组的年长兄弟姐妹并非如此，他们的道德调节得分较低，但随着时间的推移显著增加。研究结果与兄弟姐妹社会化对幼儿发展道德敏感性的意义有关。
