Licentiate in Medicine, Chile.
Psychologist, Doctor in Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2021 Sep;149(9):1352-1359. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872021000901352.
After finishing their initial education, physicians can enter post-graduate training programs. In Chile, there are multiple medical specialties options. This review synthesizes the factors associated with the choice of specialty, according to international publications. Students coming from rural areas or small towns would tend to choose Family Medicine. Men prefer specialties such as Surgery. Having relatives in the medical profession, specializing in a specific field, also influence the choice. Concerning interests and preferences, these are linked to personal traits and some biological variables. The inclination towards clinical or surgical fields could be predicted. Academically, the curriculum, good learning experiences and teacher models favor choice, while the harassment suffered could contribute to avoidance. Besides, both prestige and economic prospects are influential factors in the choice and specialties such as Surgery are preferred. The choice of specialty must reach a balance between the students' interests and public health needs. Identifying these factors would allow a better understanding of the present shortfall (or surplus) in certain fields and contribute to the definition of policies and decision-making.
医学生完成初始教育后，可以进入研究生培训项目。在智利，有多种医学专业可供选择。本综述根据国际出版物，综合了与专业选择相关的因素。来自农村地区或小城镇的学生倾向于选择家庭医学。男性则更喜欢外科等专业。亲属在医疗行业工作，且从事特定领域的工作，也会影响选择。至于兴趣和偏好，这些与个人特质和一些生物变量有关。对临床或外科领域的倾向可以预测。在学术方面，课程、良好的学习体验和教师榜样有助于选择，而遭受的骚扰则可能导致回避。此外，声誉和经济前景也是选择的影响因素，外科等专业更受欢迎。专业选择必须在学生的兴趣和公共卫生需求之间达到平衡。确定这些因素将有助于更好地了解某些领域目前的短缺（或过剩）情况，并为制定政策和决策做出贡献。
