Sun Qi, Ding Ning, Zhao Chaofeng, Zhang Qi, Zhang Shaowen, Li Shenghua, Pang Siping
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621050, China.
Sci Adv. 2022 Mar 25;8(12):eabn3176. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3176. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
More nitro groups accord benzenes with higher energy but lower chemical stability. Hexanitrobenzene (HNB) with a fully nitrated structure has stood as the energy peak of organic explosives since 1966, but it is very unstable and even decomposes in moist air. To increase the energy limit and strike a balance between energy and chemical stability, we propose an interval full-nitro-nitroamino cooperative strategy to present a new fully nitrated benzene, 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitroaminobenzene (TNTNB), which was synthesized using an acylation-activation-nitration method. TNTNB exhibits a high density (: 1.995 g cm at 173 K, 1.964 g cm at 298 K) and excellent heat of detonation (: 7179 kJ kg), which significantly exceed those of HNB (: 6993 kJ kg) and the state-of-the-art explosive CL-20 (: 6534 kJ kg); thus, TNTNB represents the new energy peak for organic explosives. Compared to HNB, TNTNB also exhibits enhanced chemical stability in water, acids, and bases.
更多的硝基会使苯具有更高的能量但化学稳定性更低。具有完全硝化结构的六硝基苯（HNB）自1966年以来一直是有机炸药的能量峰值，但它非常不稳定，甚至在潮湿空气中会分解。为了提高能量极限并在能量和化学稳定性之间取得平衡，我们提出了一种间隔全硝基 - 硝基氨基协同策略，以呈现一种新的完全硝化苯，即1,3,5 - 三硝基 - 2,4,6 - 三硝基氨基苯（TNTNB），它是采用酰化 - 活化 - 硝化方法合成的。TNTNB表现出高密度（在173 K时为1.995 g/cm³，在298 K时为1.964 g/cm³）和出色的爆热（7179 kJ/kg），这显著超过了HNB（6993 kJ/kg）和最先进的炸药CL - 20（6534 kJ/kg）；因此，TNTNB代表了有机炸药的新能量峰值。与HNB相比，TNTNB在水、酸和碱中也表现出增强的化学稳定性。
