Aquatic Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(37):55866-55876. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19738-2. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), off-flavors that accumulate in fish muscle tissue can be problematic in terms of consumer acceptance and the reputation of farmed fish products. Although off-flavors are not toxic at low concentrations, they often give fish muscle earthy, muddy, or other unwanted flavors. Traditionally, muddy off-flavors caused by geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) have been detected, but a variety of other compounds and flavors have also been identified. In this study, a method based on solid phase micro extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy was developed to identify and quantify 14 off-flavor-inducing compounds in RAS-farmed fish. The selected off-flavors were quantified in circulating water and in fish from a pilot-scale RAS rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The method showed high accuracy and precision with limits of detection and quantification at a low ng L level. In this study, 13 compounds were found in the fish muscle which decreased in concentrations during the 15-day depuration period. This study showed that off-flavors in fish can also be induced by other compounds besides GSM and MIB. This emphasizes the need for sufficient off-flavor control in the RAS, but also the importance of an accurate and reliable analytical quantitation method.
在循环水产养殖系统（RAS）中，鱼类肌肉组织中积累的异味会影响消费者的接受度和养殖鱼类产品的声誉。尽管低浓度的异味并无毒性，但它们通常会使鱼肉带有泥土味、泥腥味或其他不受欢迎的味道。传统上，已经检测到由土臭素（GSM）和 2-甲基异莰醇（MIB）引起的泥土味异味，但也已经确定了各种其他化合物和味道。在这项研究中，开发了一种基于固相微萃取（SPME）结合气相色谱和质谱的方法，用于鉴定和定量 RAS 养殖鱼类中的 14 种异味诱导化合物。在循环水中和从小型 RAS 养殖虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）中选择的异味化合物进行了定量分析。该方法具有很高的准确度和精密度，检测限和定量限在低 ng/L 水平。在这项研究中，在鱼肌肉中发现了 13 种化合物，在 15 天的净化期内其浓度降低。这项研究表明，GSM 和 MIB 以外的其他化合物也会引起鱼类的异味。这强调了在 RAS 中进行充分的异味控制的必要性，但也强调了准确可靠的分析定量方法的重要性。
