School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Mar 3;20(3):188. doi: 10.3390/md20030188.
(L.) G. Don is a plant belonging to the genus of the family. It contains more than one hundred alkaloids, of which some exhibit significant pharmacological activities. Chitooligosaccharides are the only basic aminooligosaccharides with positively charged cations in nature, which can regulate plant growth and antioxidant properties. In this study, the leaves of were sprayed with chitooligosaccharides of different molecular weights (1 kDa, 2 kDa, 3 kDa) and different concentrations (0.01 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL). The fresh weights of its root, stem and leaf were all improved after chitooligosaccharides treatments. More importantly, the chitooligosaccharides elicitor strongly stimulated the accumulation of vindoline and catharanthine in the leaves, especially with the treatment of 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides, the contents of them were increased by 60.68% and 141.54%, respectively. Furthermore, as the defensive responses, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced under chitooligosaccharides treatments. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism, qRT-PCR was used to investigate the genes expression levels of secologanin synthase (), strictosidine synthase (), strictosidine glucosidase (), tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (), desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase (), deacetylvindoline-4--acetyltransferase (), peroxidase 1 () and octadecanoid-responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (). All the genes were significantly up-regulated after chitooligosaccharides treatments, and the transcription abundance of , , , and reached a maximal level with 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides treatment. All these results suggest that spraying leaves with chitooligosaccharides, especially 0.1 μg/mL of 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides, may effectively improve the pharmaceutical value of .
（L.）G. Don 是一种植物，属于 科。它含有一百多种生物碱，其中一些具有显著的药理活性。壳寡糖是自然界中唯一带正电荷阳离子的碱性低聚糖，可调节植物生长和抗氧化性能。在本研究中，用不同分子量（1 kDa、2 kDa、3 kDa）和不同浓度（0.01 μg/mL、0.1 μg/mL、1 μg/mL 和 10 μg/mL）的壳寡糖对 的叶片进行喷雾处理。壳寡糖处理后，其根、茎和叶的鲜重均得到提高。更重要的是，壳寡糖诱导子强烈刺激了叶片中 vindoline 和 catharanthine 的积累，特别是用 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa 壳寡糖处理时，它们的含量分别增加了 60.68%和 141.54%。此外，作为防御反应，壳寡糖处理后抗氧化酶活性（过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）增强。为了进一步阐明其潜在机制，使用 qRT-PCR 研究了 secologanin 合酶（）、strictosidine 合酶（）、strictosidine 葡萄糖苷酶（）、tabersonine 16-羟化酶（）、desacetoxyvindoline-4-羟化酶（）、deacetylvindoline-4-O-乙酰转移酶（）、过氧化物酶 1（）和十八碳烯酸响应 Catharanthus AP2 结构域蛋白 3（）的基因表达水平。壳寡糖处理后，所有基因均显著上调，用 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa 壳寡糖处理时， 、 、 、 和 的转录丰度达到最大值。所有这些结果表明，用壳寡糖喷洒 叶片，特别是用 0.1 μg/mL 的 3 kDa 壳寡糖处理，可有效提高 的药用价值。
