Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,
Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2022;12(2):58-62. doi: 10.1159/000524271. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Malaysia is located in the heart of South East Asia with two land masses, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia which are separated by the South China Sea. Stroke or cerebrovascular disease is Malaysia's third leading cause of death. There were 47, 911 incident cases, 19,928 deaths, 443,995 prevalent cases, and 512,726 DALYs lost due to stroke in 2019. Successive national health and morbidity surveys from 2006 demonstrated a continuous rise in the prevalence of risk factors such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and obesity. These risk factors are implicated in an increase in stroke incidence in those under 65 years of age, the largest increase of 53.3% and 50.4% in men and women, respectively, from the age strata of 35-39 years. The neurologist-to-patient ratio is 1:323,000 with the majority of neurologists working in urban centres. The healthcare system is provided predominantly by the public and private sectors. Concurrent use of traditional and complementary medicine is common and widely accepted. Challenges include delivering adequate care to rural communities, the low overall ischaemic stroke thrombolysis rates, and the high cost of thrombectomy devices for use in large vessel occlusions which have to be borne out-of-pocket by patients and their families. Effort is required to continue improving stroke care services in parallel with primary and secondary prevention strategies in the future, given the ageing population and the rising number of strokes in young adults nationally. Strategies include careful planning, inter-hospital cooperation, and increased allocation of resources from the government.
马来西亚位于东南亚中心地带,由两部分组成,马来半岛和东马来西亚,两者被南中国海隔开。中风或脑血管疾病是马来西亚的第三大死因。2019 年,马来西亚有 47911 例发病病例、19928 例死亡病例、443995 例现患病例和 512726 个伤残调整生命年(DALY)因中风而损失。从 2006 年开始,连续进行的国家健康和发病情况调查显示,糖尿病、高血脂和肥胖等风险因素的患病率持续上升。这些风险因素与 65 岁以下人群中风发病率的上升有关,男性和女性的发病率分别增加了 53.3%和 50.4%,年龄在 35-39 岁之间。神经科医生与患者的比例为 1:323000,大多数神经科医生在城市中心工作。医疗保健系统主要由公共和私营部门提供。传统医学和补充医学的同时使用很常见,也被广泛接受。面临的挑战包括向农村社区提供足够的护理、整体缺血性中风溶栓率低,以及用于治疗大血管闭塞的取栓设备成本高,这些都需要患者及其家属自掏腰包。鉴于人口老龄化和全国年轻人中风人数的增加,未来需要努力继续改善中风护理服务,并结合初级和二级预防策略。策略包括精心规划、医院间合作以及政府增加资源分配。