Huang Lanshan, LaBonte Melissa J, Craig Stephanie G, Finn Stephen P, Allott Emma H
Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK.
Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Mar 8;14(6):1367. doi: 10.3390/cancers14061367.
Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease for men globally. Inflammation, an established hallmark of cancer, is frequently observed in the prostate, though its contribution to prostate cancer risks and outcomes is not fully understood. Prostate cancer is biologically and clinically heterogeneous, and there is now evidence that inflammation and immunological characteristics vary by the genomic and mutational landscape of the tumor. Moreover, it is now recognized that risk factor profiles vary between tumor subgroups, as defined by histopathological and molecular features. Here, we provide a review centered around the relationship between inflammation and prostate cancer, with a consideration of molecular tumor features and a particular focus on the advanced and lethal stages of disease. We summarize findings from epidemiological studies of the etiology and role of inflammation in prostate cancer. We discuss the pathology of prostate inflammation, and consider approaches for assessing the tumor immune microenvironment in epidemiological studies. We review emerging clinical therapies targeting immune biology within the context of prostate cancer. Finally, we consider potentially modifiable risk factors and corresponding lifestyle interventions that may affect prostate inflammation, impacting outcomes. These emerging insights will provide some hints for the development of treatment and prevention strategies for advanced and lethal prostate cancer.
前列腺癌是全球男性疾病的主要病因。炎症作为癌症的一个既定特征，在前列腺中经常被观察到，尽管其对前列腺癌风险和预后的影响尚未完全明确。前列腺癌在生物学和临床上具有异质性，现在有证据表明，炎症和免疫特征因肿瘤的基因组和突变情况而异。此外，现在人们认识到，根据组织病理学和分子特征定义的肿瘤亚组之间的风险因素概况有所不同。在此，我们围绕炎症与前列腺癌之间的关系进行综述，考虑分子肿瘤特征，并特别关注疾病的晚期和致命阶段。我们总结了关于炎症在前列腺癌病因和作用的流行病学研究结果。我们讨论前列腺炎症的病理学，并考虑在流行病学研究中评估肿瘤免疫微环境的方法。我们综述了前列腺癌背景下针对免疫生物学的新兴临床疗法。最后，我们考虑可能影响前列腺炎症、进而影响预后的潜在可改变风险因素及相应的生活方式干预措施。这些新见解将为晚期和致命性前列腺癌的治疗和预防策略的制定提供一些线索。
