Giansanti Daniele, Morone Giovanni, Loreti Alice, Germanotta Marco, Aprile Irene
Centro Nazionale Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Feb 23;10(3):415. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10030415.
Telemedicine is making an important contribution to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and to supporting the health domain. Its use has registered initial problems with often-patchy practise. The objective of this study was to analyze the launch and deployment of telemedicine in Italy through a narrative review. The narrative review faced two points of view: (a) the first point of view revised the institutional initiatives of the Italian government developed to promote the use of telemedicine; (b) the second point of view reviewed the evolution of scientific literature in the sector, with reference to the Italian situation. In the second point of view, we applied both a standard narrative checklist and an eligibility approach. The first point of view reported an analysis of national documents aimed at promoting, through indications and recommendations, the use of telemedicine. The second point of view analyzed 39 qualified references. The analysis highlighted: (a) that initially, there was a disorientation, followed by reflections that emerged immediately after; (b) a telemedicine application not only in the traditional sectors (e.g., diabetology, cardiology, oncology, neurology) but also in new and fields never explored before; and (c) a high level of acceptance and a desire to continue in the after-pandemic future (which emerged in some studies through dedicated questionnaires). The study offers stimuli for both stakeholders and scholars to improve the use of telemedicine during the pandemic and in the future.
远程医疗正在为抗击新冠疫情以及支持医疗卫生领域做出重要贡献。其应用在实践中起初出现了一些问题，实践情况往往参差不齐。本研究的目的是通过叙述性综述分析意大利远程医疗的启动与部署情况。该叙述性综述涉及两个视角：（a）第一个视角审视了意大利政府为促进远程医疗应用而制定的机构举措；（b）第二个视角参考意大利的情况，回顾了该领域科学文献的发展历程。在第二个视角中，我们既应用了标准的叙述性清单，也采用了合格评定方法。第一个视角报告了对旨在通过指示和建议促进远程医疗应用的国家文件的分析。第二个视角分析了39篇合格参考文献。分析突出显示：（a）起初存在方向迷失，随后很快出现了反思；（b）远程医疗不仅应用于传统领域（如糖尿病学、心脏病学、肿瘤学、神经病学），还应用于新的以及此前从未探索过的领域；（c）较高的接受度以及在疫情后继续应用的意愿（在一些研究中通过专门问卷体现出来）。该研究为利益相关者和学者提供了动力，以在疫情期间及未来改进远程医疗的应用。
