Wang Wenjing, Zang Xupeng, Liu Yonglun, Liang Yunyi, Cai Gengyuan, Wu Zhenfang, Li Zicong
National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Mar 14;12(6):727. doi: 10.3390/ani12060727.
Mammary gland morphology varies considerably between pregnancy and lactation status, e.g., virgin to pregnant and lactation to weaning. Throughout these critical developmental phases, the mammary glands undergo remodeling to accommodate changes in milk production capacity, which is positively correlated with milk protein expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in female ICR mice's mammary glands at the virgin stage (V), day 16 of pregnancy (P16d), day 12 of lactation (L12d), day 1 of forced weaning (FW1d), and day 3 of forced weaning (FW3d), and to identify the miRNAs regulating milk protein gene expression. During the five stages of testing, 852 known miRNAs and 179 novel miRNAs were identified in the mammary glands. Based on their expression patterns, the identified miRNAs were grouped into 12 clusters. The expression pattern of cluster 1 miRNAs was opposite to that of milk protein genes in mammary glands in all five different stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the predicted target genes of cluster 1 miRNAs were related to murine mammary gland development and lactation. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the novel-mmu-miR424-5p, which belongs to the cluster 1 miRNAs, was expressed in murine mammary epithelial cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that an important milk protein gene-β-casein ()-was regarded as one of the likely targets for the novel-mmu-miR424-5p. This study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in murine mammary glands throughout five critical developmental stages, and discovered a novel miRNA involved in regulating the expression of . These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of the developmental biology of mammary glands, providing guidelines for increasing lactation efficiency and milk quality.
乳腺形态在妊娠和泌乳状态之间有很大差异，例如，从处女期到孕期以及从泌乳期到断奶期。在这些关键的发育阶段，乳腺会进行重塑以适应产奶能力的变化，而产奶能力与乳蛋白表达呈正相关。本研究的目的是调查雌性ICR小鼠在处女期（V）、妊娠第16天（P16d）、泌乳第12天（L12d）、强制断奶第1天（FW1d）和强制断奶第3天（FW3d）时乳腺中的微小RNA（miRNA）表达谱，并鉴定调节乳蛋白基因表达的miRNA。在五个测试阶段，在乳腺中鉴定出852个已知miRNA和179个新miRNA。根据它们的表达模式，将鉴定出的miRNA分为12个簇。在所有五个不同阶段，簇1 miRNA的表达模式与乳腺中乳蛋白基因的表达模式相反。基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，簇1 miRNA的预测靶基因与小鼠乳腺发育和泌乳有关。此外，荧光原位杂交（FISH）分析表明，属于簇1 miRNA的新型-mmu-miR424-5p在小鼠乳腺上皮细胞中表达。双荧光素酶报告基因检测表明，一个重要的乳蛋白基因——β-酪蛋白（）——被认为是新型-mmu-miR424-5p的潜在靶标之一。本研究分析了小鼠乳腺在五个关键发育阶段的miRNA表达模式，并发现了一个参与调节 表达的新型miRNA。这些发现有助于加深对乳腺发育生物学的理解，为提高泌乳效率和乳汁质量提供指导。
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