Li Minne, An Ruidong, Chen Min, Li Jia
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Mar 17;12(6):752. doi: 10.3390/ani12060752.
Effective fishway design requires knowledge of fish swimming behavior in streams and channels. Appropriate tests with near-natural flow conditions are required to assess the interaction between fish behavior and turbulent flows. In this study, the volitional swimming behavior of S. prenanti was tested and quantified in an open-channel flume with three (low, moderate, and high) flow regimes. The results showed that, when confronted with alternative flow regimes, S. prenanti preferred to select regions with low flow velocities (0.25−0.50 m/s) and turbulent kinetic energy (<0.05 m2/s2) for swimming, while avoiding high-turbulence areas. Moreover, S. prenanti primarily employed steady swimming behavior to search for flow velocities lower than the average current to conserve energy in low- and moderate-flow regimes. It is hypothesized that in regions with higher flow velocities, fish may change their swimming strategy from energy conservation to time conservation. Additionally, the average and maximum burst speeds of S. prenanti were 2.63 ± 0.37 and 3.49 m/s, respectively, which were 2.21- and 2.28-fold higher than the average (1.19 m/s) and maximum (1.53 m/s) burst speeds estimated from the enclosed swim chamber for fish of similar length. This study contributes a novel research approach that provides more reliable information about fish volitional swimming behavior in natural habitats, as well as recommendations for hydraulic criteria for fishways and the identification of barriers to fish migrations.
有效的鱼道设计需要了解鱼类在溪流和河道中的游泳行为。需要在接近自然水流条件下进行适当测试，以评估鱼类行为与紊流之间的相互作用。在本研究中，在具有三种（低、中、高）水流状态的明渠水槽中对齐口裂腹鱼的自主游泳行为进行了测试和量化。结果表明，面对不同的水流状态时，齐口裂腹鱼更喜欢选择流速较低（0.25−0.50米/秒）和湍动能较低（<0.05平方米/秒²）的区域进行游泳，同时避开高紊流区域。此外，在低流量和中等流量状态下，齐口裂腹鱼主要采用稳定游泳行为来寻找低于平均流速的水流以节省能量。据推测，在流速较高的区域，鱼类可能会将其游泳策略从节省能量转变为节省时间。此外，齐口裂腹鱼的平均爆发速度和最大爆发速度分别为2.63±0.37米/秒和3.49米/秒，分别比根据封闭游泳室对类似长度鱼类估计的平均爆发速度（1.19米/秒）和最大爆发速度（1.53米/秒）高2.21倍和2.28倍。本研究提供了一种新颖的研究方法，可提供有关鱼类在自然栖息地中自主游泳行为的更可靠信息，以及对鱼道水力标准和鱼类洄游障碍识别的建议。
