Effect of Labelling and Information on Consumer Perception of Foods Presented as 3D Printed.

Labelling and information have been shown to increase acceptance of novel food technologies. The novel technology of 3 Dimensional Printing (3DP) of foods is not well known among consumers. The study aim was to investigate the effect of the 3DP label and benefits information on consumer acceptance and perception of plausible 3DP foods. Commercially available foods, such as milk chocolate swirls, gummy candy carrots, and baked potato Smiles, represented 3DP benefits, and each was evaluated in a sensory panel. Participants rated acceptance and perceived quality after each of three product presentations; first labeled "conventional", then labeled "3D printed", and again labeled 3D printed after information presentation. Participants indicated product preference after the third presentation. Food Technology Neophobia (FTN), attitude, and previous 3DP knowledge were queried. Quality rating of chocolate swirls and gummy candy carrots increased when labeled as 3DP versus conventional; information did not further increase quality ratings. Participants preferred 3DP chocolate swirls and gummy candy carrots to conventional in the final evaluation. Label and information did not change flavor, texture, or overall acceptance ratings for any product. Attitude towards 3DP of foods increased with lower FTN. Future studies could tailor information to consumer interests and knowledge gaps that highlight relevant benefits of 3DP.