The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation (CSSRI), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 11;23(6):3052. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063052.
Small angle X-ray fiber diffraction is the method of choice for obtaining molecular level structural information from striated muscle fibers under hydrated physiological conditions. For many decades this technique had been used primarily for investigating basic biophysical questions regarding muscle contraction and regulation and its use confined to a relatively small group of expert practitioners. Over the last 20 years, however, X-ray diffraction has emerged as an important tool for investigating the structural consequences of cardiac and skeletal myopathies. In this review we show how simple and straightforward measurements, accessible to non-experts, can be used to extract biophysical parameters that can help explain and characterize the physiology and pathology of a given experimental system. We provide a comprehensive guide to the range of the kinds of measurements that can be made and illustrate how they have been used to provide insights into the structural basis of pathology in a comprehensive review of the literature. We also show how these kinds of measurements can inform current controversies and indicate some future directions.
小角 X 射线纤维衍射是在水合生理条件下从横纹肌纤维中获取分子水平结构信息的首选方法。几十年来，这项技术主要用于研究肌肉收缩和调节的基本生物物理问题，其应用仅限于相对较少的专家实践者。然而，在过去的 20 年中，X 射线衍射已成为研究心脏和骨骼肌病结构后果的重要工具。在这篇综述中，我们展示了如何使用非专家也易于操作的简单直接的测量方法来提取生物物理参数，这些参数可以帮助解释和表征特定实验系统的生理学和病理学。我们提供了对可进行的各种测量的全面指南，并说明了如何使用它们来根据文献综述深入了解病理学的结构基础。我们还展示了这些测量方法如何为当前的争议提供信息，并指出了一些未来的方向。
