Boumans Jogé, van de Mheen Dike, Crutzen Rik, Dupont Hans, Bovens Rob, Rozema Andrea
Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 8;19(6):3188. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063188.
Problematic alcohol use has been increasing in older adults (55+) in recent decades. Many of the effective interventions that are available to prevent or reduce the negative effects of alcohol consumption are aimed at adults in general. It is unclear whether these interventions also work for older adults. The objective of this review was to understand how (i.e., which elements), in which context, and why (which mechanisms) interventions are successful in preventing or reducing (problematic) alcohol consumption among older adults. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2022 was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CHINAHL. Realist evaluation was used to analyze the data. We found 61 studies on interventions aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol use. Most of the interventions were not specifically designed for older adults but also included older adults. The findings of the current study highlight three major effective elements of interventions: (1) providing information on the consequences of alcohol consumption; (2) being in contact with others and communicating with them about (alcohol) problems; and (3) personalized feedback about drinking behavior. Two of these elements were also used in the interventions especially designed for older adults. Being in contact with others and communicating with them about (alcohol) problems is an important element to pay attention to for developers of alcohol interventions for older adults because loneliness is a problem for this age group and there is a relationship between the use of alcohol and loneliness.
近几十年来，有问题的饮酒行为在老年人（55岁及以上）中呈上升趋势。许多现有的预防或减少饮酒负面影响的有效干预措施通常针对的是一般成年人。目前尚不清楚这些干预措施对老年人是否也有效。本综述的目的是了解干预措施在何种背景下、如何（即哪些要素）以及为何（哪些机制）能成功预防或减少老年人（有问题的）饮酒行为。使用PubMed、PsycINFO、科学网和中国生物医学文献数据库对2000年至2022年发表的文章进行了系统综述。采用现实主义评价法对数据进行分析。我们发现了61项旨在预防或减少有问题饮酒行为的干预研究。大多数干预措施并非专门为老年人设计，但也包括了老年人。本研究结果突出了干预措施的三个主要有效要素：（1）提供饮酒后果的信息；（2）与他人接触并就（饮酒）问题进行交流；（3）关于饮酒行为的个性化反馈。其中两个要素也用于专门为老年人设计的干预措施中。与他人接触并就（饮酒）问题进行交流是老年饮酒干预措施开发者需要关注的一个重要要素，因为孤独是这个年龄段的一个问题，而且饮酒与孤独之间存在关联。
