Belingheri Michael, Chiu Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda, Renzetti Stefano, Bhasin Deepika, Wen Chi, Placidi Donatella, Oppini Manuela, Covolo Loredana, Padovani Alessandro, Lucchini Roberto G
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20090 Monza, Italy.
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 11;19(6):3309. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063309.
Environmental exposures to agrochemicals and nutritional factors may be associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD). None of the studies to date has examined the combined effects of diet and agricultural chemical exposure together. To address these research gaps, we aimed to assess the association of nutritional factors and agrochemical exposure with the risk of PD. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of nutritional and agrochemical exposures with PD, adjusting for gender, age, socio-economic status, head injury, family history, smoking, metals exposure, and α-synuclein gene polymorphism. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to examine the effect of dietary components as a mixture. We recruited 347 cases and 389 controls. Parent history of PD (OR = 4.15, 95%CI: 2.10, 8.20), metals exposure (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.61-3.89), SNCA rs356219 polymorphism (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.04-1.87 for TC vs. TT; OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.43-3.28 for CC vs. TT), agrochemical exposures (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.41-3.16), and being born in the Brescia province (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.17-2.90) were significantly associated with PD. Conversely, fish intake and coffee consumption had a protective effect. The study confirmed the role of environmental exposures in the genesis of PD. Fish intake and coffee consumption are protective factors even when agricultural chemical exposures exist. Genetic factors and metals exposure were confirmed as risk factors for PD.
接触农用化学品和营养因素可能与帕金森病(PD)有关。迄今为止,尚无研究同时考察饮食和农用化学品接触的综合影响。为填补这些研究空白,我们旨在评估营养因素和农用化学品接触与PD风险之间的关联。我们开展了一项基于医院的病例对照研究。采用多变量逻辑回归来估计营养和农用化学品接触与PD之间的关联,并对性别、年龄、社会经济地位、头部损伤、家族史、吸烟、金属接触和α-突触核蛋白基因多态性进行了校正。应用加权分位数和(WQS)回归来检验饮食成分作为混合物的影响。我们招募了347例病例和389名对照。PD的家族史(比值比[OR]=4.15,95%置信区间[CI]:2.10,8.20)、金属接触(OR=2.50,95%CI:1.61 - 3.89)、SNCA rs356219多态性(TC与TT相比,OR=1.39,95%CI:1.04 - 1.87;CC与TT相比,OR=2.17,95%CI:1.43 - 3.28)、农用化学品接触(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.41 - 3.16)以及出生于布雷西亚省(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.17 - 2.90)均与PD显著相关。相反,鱼类摄入和咖啡饮用具有保护作用。该研究证实了环境暴露在PD发病中的作用。即使存在农用化学品接触,鱼类摄入和咖啡饮用仍是保护因素。遗传因素和金属接触被确认为PD的风险因素。