San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy.
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 17;15(12):e0243612. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243612. eCollection 2020.
The aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still very controversial, with a peculiar lack of established risk factors or protective behavior.
We carried out a case-control study of 634 idiopathic PD patients admitted from 2011 to 2015 to two hospitals located in central Italy and 532 controls matched by hospital, gender and age (± 5 years). The study questionnaire included questions on host factors, family history, residence, occupation and lifestyle. Odds ratios (ORs) for PD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for actual and potential confounders.
A lower OR was observed in females (0.74; 95%CI:0.58-0.96), while older age classes showed a constantly increased risk for PD (p<0.005) starting from the class 65-69 years. Subjects who reported a first degree relative affected by PD showed a borderline increase which was more evident in those enrolled in the urban center of Rome (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.09-2.50). Significant reduction of the risk was associated to current smoking (OR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.24-0.54), and to vegetables consumption (p<0.03), while borderline increases were associated to meat and cold cut consumption. Occupational activities classified according to ISCO-08 categories did not show increased risk, while higher ORs' were found for pilots and physicians.
The results from this study confirmed the higher risk of PD in males and in elderly, and the inverse association with smoking habit. The possible etiological role of familial clustering, dietary habit, and some job tasks is suggested.
帕金森病（PD）的病因仍存在争议，目前缺乏明确的危险因素或保护行为。
我们对 2011 年至 2015 年期间在意大利中部的两家医院收治的 634 例特发性 PD 患者和 532 名性别和年龄（±5 岁）相匹配的对照组进行了病例对照研究。研究问卷包括宿主因素、家族史、居住地、职业和生活方式等问题。采用 logistic 回归估计 PD 的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并调整实际和潜在混杂因素。
女性的 OR 较低（0.74；95%CI：0.58-0.96），而年龄较大的组别 PD 发病风险呈持续增加趋势（p<0.005），从 65-69 岁年龄组开始。报告一级亲属患有 PD 的患者 OR 略有增加，在罗马市中心登记的患者中更为明显（OR = 1.65；95%CI：1.09-2.50）。目前吸烟（OR = 0.48；95%CI：0.24-0.54）和蔬菜摄入（p<0.03）与风险降低显著相关，而肉类和冷切摄入与风险增加相关。根据 ISCO-08 类别分类的职业活动并未显示出更高的风险，而飞行员和医生的 OR 较高。
本研究结果证实了男性和老年人 PD 风险增加，以及与吸烟习惯的反向关联。提示家族聚集、饮食习惯和某些工作任务可能具有病因学作用。
