Beylerli Ozal, Gareev Ilgiz, Sufianov Albert, Ilyasova Tatiana, Zhang Fan
Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia.
Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2022 Feb 25;7(2):71-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.02.005. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Gliomas are the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in adults. Gliomas are highly invasive tumors with the highest mortality among all primary malignant brain tumors. Until now, the molecular mechanism that is responsible for glioma tumorigenesis and progression remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs with 18-22 nucleotides in length which function as key regulators of various biological processes through negative control over gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA dysregulation plays a key role in cancer oncogenesis, including the development and progression of gliomas. MiRNAs regulate a wide range of tumor processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and apoptosis. In addition, microRNAs can be selectively packaged, secreted, and transported between cells in exosomes that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are readily available in almost all types of human body fluids, making them promising biomarkers for gliomas. Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs play an important role in glioma. For example, a large number studies indicated that this miRNA-21could affect on a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3), RECK, and TIMP3. Exosomal miR-21 may has key roles in gliomas pathogenesis. These findings indicated that miR-21 has critical roles in gliomas pathogenesis and could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for glioma patients. Profiling miRNAs expression in various human pathological conditions is a rapidly growing field, and it is likely that the knowledge gained from these studies regarding the genesis of gliomas will have the potential in the field of minimally invasive therapy with miRNA to improve the prognosis of patients with this pathology.
神经胶质瘤是成人中最常见且致命的原发性脑肿瘤。神经胶质瘤是高度侵袭性肿瘤，在所有原发性恶性脑肿瘤中死亡率最高。迄今为止，负责神经胶质瘤发生和进展的分子机制仍不清楚。微小RNA（miRNA）是长度为18 - 22个核苷酸的短非编码RNA，通过在转录后水平对基因表达进行负调控，作为各种生物过程的关键调节因子。miRNA失调在癌症发生过程中起关键作用，包括神经胶质瘤的发生和进展。miRNA调节广泛的肿瘤过程，包括细胞增殖、分化、血管生成、侵袭和凋亡。此外，微小RNA可以被选择性地包装、分泌，并在外泌体中在细胞间运输，这些外泌体能够穿过血脑屏障（BBB），并且几乎在所有类型的人体体液中都很容易获得，使其成为神经胶质瘤有前景的生物标志物。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA在神经胶质瘤中起重要作用。例如，大量研究表明，这种miRNA - 21可以影响多种细胞和分子途径，如胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）结合蛋白 - 3（IGFBP3）、RECK和TIMP3。外泌体miR - 21可能在神经胶质瘤发病机制中起关键作用。这些发现表明，miR - 21在神经胶质瘤发病机制中起关键作用，并且可以用作神经胶质瘤患者的诊断和治疗生物标志物。分析miRNA在各种人类病理状况下的表达是一个快速发展的领域，并且从这些关于神经胶质瘤发生的研究中获得的知识很可能在miRNA微创治疗领域具有改善这种病理状况患者预后的潜力。
