Ferdinands Jill M, Patel Manish
Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Vaccine. 2022 Apr 26;40(19):2797-2801. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.012. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Benefit conferred by "enhanced" influenza vaccines is often measured by relative vaccine effectiveness, (rVE), which compares disease risk among groups of people who received alternative vaccines. Differences in attenuation of illness severity by vaccine types could manifest as differences in rVE. Using a simulated VE study and cohort of adults aged ≥ 65 years, we examined how rVE varied with assumptions about attenuation of disease severity conferred by standard and enhanced vaccines and how this variation could lead to differing estimates of rVE for prevention of moderate (i.e., outpatient) versus severe (i.e., inpatient) influenza illness. We found that if enhanced vaccines attenuated severe illness more than moderate illness, then rVE observed against severe disease could be higher than rVE observed against moderate disease. Thus, if differences in disease attenuation by vaccine type occurs, estimates of rVE may vary for influenza outcomes of differing levels of severity.
“增强型”流感疫苗的益处通常通过相对疫苗效力（rVE）来衡量，rVE用于比较接种不同疫苗人群的疾病风险。不同类型疫苗在减轻疾病严重程度方面的差异可能表现为rVE的差异。我们利用一项模拟的疫苗效力研究以及一组年龄≥65岁的成年人队列，研究了rVE如何随标准疫苗和增强型疫苗对疾病严重程度减轻作用的假设而变化，以及这种变化如何导致预防中度（即门诊）与重度（即住院）流感疾病的rVE估计值不同。我们发现，如果增强型疫苗对重度疾病的减轻作用大于对中度疾病的减轻作用，那么观察到的针对重度疾病的rVE可能高于针对中度疾病的rVE。因此，如果不同类型疫苗在疾病减轻方面存在差异，那么对于不同严重程度的流感结局，rVE的估计值可能会有所不同。
