Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Process Engineering (PEP), Tiradentes University, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil.
Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Process Engineering (PEP), Tiradentes University, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jul;299:134350. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134350. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
The X-ray iodinated contrast medium iohexol is frequently detected in aquatic environments due to its high persistence and the inefficiency of its degradation by conventional wastewater treatments. Hence, the challenge faced in this study is the development of an alternative electrochemical treatment using active anodes. We investigate the oxidation of iohexol (16.42 mg L) using different operating conditions, focusing on the role of different mixed metal oxide anodes in the treatment efficiency. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the Ti/RuO-TiO anode prepared using a CO laser heating and an ionic liquid is compared with Ti/RuO-TiO-IrO and Ti/IrO-TaO commercial anodes. The hypochlorite ions generated by the anodes are also analyzed. The effect of the electrolyte composition (NaCl, NaSO, and NaClO) and current density (15, 30, and 50 mA cm) on the iohexol degradation is also studied. The Ti/RuO-TiO laser-made anode is more efficient than the commercial anodes. After optimizing experimental parameters, this anode removes 95.5% of iohexol in 60 min and displays the highest kinetic rate (0.059 min) with the lowest energy consumption per order (0.21 kWh morder), using NaCl solution as the electrolyte and applying 15 mA cm. Additionally, iohexol-intensified groundwater was used to compare the efficiency of anodes. The Ti/RuO-TiO is also more efficient in removing the organic charge from the real water matrix (21.7% TOC) than the commercial anodes. Notably, the iohexol removal achieved is higher than all electrochemical treatments already reported using state-of-the-art non-active anodes in lower electrolysis time. Therefore, data from this study indicate that the electrochemical degradation of iohexol using the Ti/RuO-TiO anode is efficient and has excellent cost-effectiveness; thus, it is a promising approach in the degradation of iohexol from wastewater. Furthermore, the Ti/RuO-TiO active anode is competitive and can be an excellent option for treating effluents contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds such as iohexol.
由于其高持久性和常规废水处理对其降解效率低下，碘造影剂 X 射线碘海醇经常在水生环境中被检测到。因此，本研究面临的挑战是开发一种使用活性阳极的替代电化学处理方法。我们研究了不同操作条件下碘海醇（16.42mg/L）的氧化，重点研究了不同混合金属氧化物阳极在处理效率中的作用。与 Ti/RuO-TiO-IrO 和 Ti/IrO-TaO 商业阳极相比，我们比较了使用 CO 激光加热和离子液体制备的 Ti/RuO-TiO 阳极的电催化效率。还分析了阳极产生的次氯酸盐离子。还研究了电解质组成（NaCl、NaSO 和 NaClO）和电流密度（15、30 和 50mA/cm）对碘海醇降解的影响。激光制造的 Ti/RuO-TiO 阳极比商业阳极更有效。在优化实验参数后，该阳极在 60 分钟内去除了 95.5%的碘海醇，显示出最高的动力学速率（0.059 分钟）和最低的每阶能耗（0.21kWh/m 阶），使用 NaCl 溶液作为电解质，并施加 15mA/cm。此外，还使用强化地下水来比较阳极的效率。Ti/RuO-TiO 从实际水基质（21.7%TOC）中去除有机电荷的效率也高于商业阳极。值得注意的是，与使用最先进的非活性阳极在更短的电解时间内进行的所有电化学处理相比，实现的碘海醇去除率更高。因此，本研究的数据表明，使用 Ti/RuO-TiO 阳极进行碘海醇的电化学降解是高效且具有成本效益的；因此，它是处理废水中碘海醇的一种有前途的方法。此外，Ti/RuO-TiO 活性阳极具有竞争力，是处理含有难降解有机化合物（如碘海醇）的废水的理想选择。
