Tanner J M
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Aug;15(3):411-51. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(86)80005-6.
The shape of the human growth curve is described and illustrated. Growth studies may be longitudinal, cross-sectional, mixed longitudinal or linked-longitudinal; each has advantages and disadvantages, and each requires appropriate statistical methods for handling the data. Standards for height and height velocity for use in a clinical setting wherein follow-up over several years is presumed are described and illustrated. Such standards have to take into account tempo of growth at ages over nine years. Cross-sectionally derived standards do not do this and are not suitable for clinical use. The techniques of measurement of height, sitting height and skinfolds are described and illustrated. Growth and development during puberty is described; there are changes in body composition as well as in body size and shape. Standards for pubertal stages of breasts, pubic hair and genitalia are given and emphasis is laid on the great variation in both the timing and the duration of these pubertal changes. Measurement of developmental age is discussed. The Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse methods for skeletal age are described. These methods can be used for predicting adult height which is useful both in diagnosis and in following the effects of treatment. In diagnosis the predicted adult height is compared to the range of expected heights in the children of the particular pair of parents concerned (the so-called 'target' range of heights) to see if smallness is simply due to delay. Change in Tanner-Whitehouse predicted height occurs on successful treatment of, for example, growth hormone deficient short stature, and is thus a guide to the success of treatment. Standards are also given for height of children from age two to nine inclusive, with allowance for height of their parents.
描述并说明了人类生长曲线的形状。生长研究可以是纵向的、横断面的、混合纵向的或连锁纵向的；每种方法都有优缺点，并且每种都需要适当的统计方法来处理数据。描述并说明了在假定有多年随访的临床环境中使用的身高和身高增长速度标准。此类标准必须考虑9岁以上儿童的生长速度。横断面得出的标准未考虑这一点，不适合临床使用。描述并说明了身高、坐高和皮褶厚度的测量技术。描述了青春期的生长和发育情况；身体成分以及身体大小和形状都会发生变化。给出了乳房、阴毛和生殖器青春期阶段的标准，并强调了这些青春期变化在时间和持续时间上的巨大差异。讨论了发育年龄的测量。描述了格吕利希-派尔法和坦纳-怀特豪斯法用于骨骼年龄的测定。这些方法可用于预测成人身高，这在诊断和跟踪治疗效果方面都很有用。在诊断中，将预测的成人身高与特定父母双方孩子的预期身高范围（所谓的“目标”身高范围）进行比较，以确定身材矮小是否仅仅是由于发育延迟。例如，生长激素缺乏性矮小症成功治疗后，坦纳-怀特豪斯法预测的身高会发生变化，因此可作为治疗成功的指标。还给出了2至9岁（含）儿童的身高标准，并考虑了其父母的身高情况。
