Redman C W
Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1986 Sep;13(3):469-99.
The central issues of the immunology of the placenta are poorly defined. As an allograft its success almost certainly depends on the absence of transplantation antigens from syncytiotrophoblast. The placenta is an imperfect immune barrier between mother and fetus. Rhesus isoimmunization is one well-known consequence but maternal graft-versus-host disease is another, although much rarer. The placenta performs an important function by transferring maternal IgG to the fetus and filters out potentially harmful cytotoxic antibodies. However, autoantibodies may, in rare circumstances, cause passively acquired fetal autoimmune disease. Direct maternal immune attack on the placenta is not a clear pathological entity but may occur with placental villitis and pemphigoid gestationis; and may contribute to recurrent abortion of unknown aetiology or to pre-eclampsia.
胎盘免疫学的核心问题尚未明确界定。作为同种异体移植物，其成功几乎肯定取决于合体滋养层缺乏移植抗原。胎盘是母婴之间不完美的免疫屏障。恒河猴同种免疫是一个众所周知的后果，但母源性移植物抗宿主病是另一个后果，尽管更为罕见。胎盘通过将母体IgG转移给胎儿发挥重要作用，并滤出潜在有害的细胞毒性抗体。然而，在极少数情况下，自身抗体可能导致被动获得性胎儿自身免疫性疾病。母体对胎盘的直接免疫攻击并非明确的病理实体，但可能发生在胎盘绒毛炎和妊娠类天疱疮中；并且可能导致病因不明的复发性流产或子痫前期。
