Centre for Health Psychology, Staffordshire University, Science Centre, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK.
Midwifery. 2022 Jun;109:103314. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103314. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
To examine the psychosocial factors of intention to breastfeed, perceived stress, social support, self-efficacy and their ability to predict the duration of breastfeeding in first-time mothers up to six months postnatally.
Cross-sectional, quantitative study using a retrospective online survey.
Women across West Yorkshire, in the north of the United Kingdom.
First-time mothers (n=98) who had given birth in the past six months.
An online survey included three established survey instruments measuring the main study variables: The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer and Jerusalem, 1995). The fourth variable was Intention to breastfeed and was measured using a single question. The survey was structured into five main sections 1) During pregnancy, 2) Once the baby was born, 3) Support to feed my baby, 4) Psychosocial factors and 5) Demographics. Open text responses allowed women to elaborate on their infant feeding experiences.
80% of the sample said they had intended to breastfeed their baby. Although 96% initiated breastfeeding while in hospital, this decreased to 82% at one week and 75% at six weeks. By six months, the rate had dropped to below 50%. Survival Analysis using Cox's Regression found no significant predictors of duration of breastfeeding at one week and six weeks. However, a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and self-efficacy suggests that greater perceived stress is linked to lower self-efficacy. Other findings included 91% of mothers decided how they would feed their baby before they were pregnant (57%) or during pregnancy (34%) and the majority answered that breastfeeding support was most useful straight after the birth and up to one week.
The findings from this sample of new mothers showed that although many intended to breastfeed, a considerable number of them had stopped by the time their baby was six weeks old. The content analysis highlighted the multiple challenges new mothers can experience with breastfeeding and furthers understanding of the support needs of this group of women.
Many of the mothers had already decided how to feed their baby before the baby was born. In this sample, a quarter of those who intended to breastfeed or thought they might breastfeed had stopped by six weeks. In order to increase breastfeeding duration, new mothers with high intention to breastfeed need to be better prepared for potential breastfeeding challenges and given more support with breastfeeding shortly after their baby is born.
研究母乳喂养意愿、感知压力、社会支持、自我效能等心理社会因素，及其对初产妇产后 6 个月内母乳喂养持续时间的预测能力。
使用回顾性在线调查的横断面、定量研究。
英国北部西约克郡的妇女。
过去 6 个月分娩的初产妇（n=98）。
在线调查包括三个成熟的调查工具，用于测量主要研究变量：感知压力量表（Cohen 等人，1983 年）、多维感知社会支持量表（Zimet 等人，1988 年）和一般自我效能感量表（Schwarzer 和 Jerusalem，1995 年）。第四个变量是母乳喂养的意愿，通过一个问题来衡量。调查分为五个主要部分：1）怀孕期间，2）婴儿出生后，3）支持喂养我的婴儿，4）心理社会因素，5）人口统计学。开放文本回复允许女性详细说明她们的婴儿喂养经验。
80%的样本表示他们曾打算母乳喂养他们的婴儿。尽管 96%的人在住院期间开始母乳喂养，但这一比例在一周时降至 82%，在六周时降至 75%。到六个月时，这一比例已降至 50%以下。使用 Cox 回归的生存分析发现，一周和六周时母乳喂养持续时间没有显著的预测因素。然而，感知压力与自我效能之间存在显著的负相关关系，表明感知压力越大，自我效能越低。其他发现包括 91%的母亲在怀孕前（57%）或怀孕期间（34%）就决定了如何喂养婴儿，大多数人表示母乳喂养支持在分娩后和一周内最有用。
来自这组新妈妈的研究结果表明，尽管许多人打算母乳喂养，但相当一部分人在婴儿六周大时已经停止母乳喂养。内容分析突出了新妈妈在母乳喂养方面可能遇到的多重挑战，进一步了解了这组女性的支持需求。
许多母亲在婴儿出生前就已经决定了如何喂养婴儿。在这个样本中，四分之一原本打算母乳喂养或认为自己可能会母乳喂养的母亲在六周时已经停止了母乳喂养。为了延长母乳喂养的持续时间，有强烈母乳喂养意愿的新妈妈需要更好地为潜在的母乳喂养挑战做好准备，并在婴儿出生后不久得到更多的母乳喂养支持。
