Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Mar 2;58(3):365. doi: 10.3390/medicina58030365.
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma's clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or "inflammasome", its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of "extracellular vesicles", and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma's particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
恶性黑色素瘤在过去二十年中发病率呈上升趋势，表现出广泛的部位和临床病理特征。尽管目前的组织病理学、生化、免疫组织化学和分子方法深入了解了其生物学行为和预后，但黑色素瘤仍然是一种不可预测的疾病，预后不良。本文献复习旨在更新关于黑色素瘤临床病理和分子特征的知识，包括其异质性和可塑性，涉及癌症干细胞群体。特别关注不同细胞成分及其分泌产物在黑色素瘤中的相互作用，考虑到它们对肿瘤进展、侵袭、转移、复发和对经典治疗的耐药性的贡献。此外，目前还研究了特定肿瘤微环境或“炎症小体”及其与脂肪组织产物的关联，包括“细胞外囊泡”的释放以及不同的微生物群，考虑到它们对诊断和预后的影响。深入了解黑色素瘤的特殊特征可能揭示新的分子途径，这些途径可用于开发创新的治疗方法或个体化治疗。
