Santolíková Anežka, Brzoňová Jana, Čepička Ivan, Svobodová Milena
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
Microorganisms. 2022 Mar 8;10(3):584. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030584.
Louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals. They have a cosmopolitan distribution with more than 200 described species. The aim of this study was to reveal host-vector-parasite associations between louse flies, birds, and trypanosomes. A total of 567 louse fly specimens belonging to 7 species were collected from birds at several localities in Czechia, including the rare species and . There was a significant difference in the occurrence of and on bird hosts according to their migratory status, being found more frequently on long-distance migrants. Trypanosomes were found in four species, namely, , , , and ; the later three species are identified in this paper as natural trypanosome vectors for the first time. The prevalence of trypanosomes ranged between 5 and 19%, the highest being in and the lowest being in . Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that a vast majority of trypanosomes from hippoboscids belong to the avian group B. Four new lineages were revealed in group B, with louse flies being probable vectors for some of these trypanosome lineages. We also confirmed the transcontinental distribution of several trypanosome lineages. Our results show that hippoboscids of several genera are probable vectors of avian trypanosomes.
虱蝇（虱蝇科）是鸟类和哺乳动物的永久性体外寄生虫。它们分布于世界各地，已描述的种类超过200种。本研究的目的是揭示虱蝇、鸟类和锥虫之间的宿主-媒介-寄生虫关联。在捷克的几个地点，从鸟类身上共采集到567只属于7个物种的虱蝇标本，包括稀有物种 和 。根据鸟类宿主的迁徙状态， 和 在鸟类宿主上的出现情况存在显著差异， 在长途迁徙鸟类上更频繁被发现。在4个物种中发现了锥虫，即 、 、 和 ；后三个物种在本文中首次被鉴定为天然锥虫媒介。锥虫的感染率在5%至19%之间，最高的是 在 中，最低的是 在 中。对小亚基核糖体RNA（SSU rRNA）基因的系统发育分析表明，来自虱蝇的绝大多数锥虫属于鸟类B组。在B组中发现了4个新谱系，虱蝇可能是其中一些锥虫谱系的媒介。我们还证实了几个锥虫谱系的跨大陆分布。我们的结果表明，几个属的虱蝇可能是鸟类锥虫的媒介。
