Domnich Alexander, Orsi Andrea, Trombetta Carlo-Simone, Guarona Giulia, Panatto Donatella, Icardi Giancarlo
Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Mar 8;15(3):322. doi: 10.3390/ph15030322.
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are the main respiratory viruses for which effective vaccines are currently available. Strategies in which COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are administered simultaneously or combined into a single preparation are advantageous and may increase vaccination uptake. Here, we comprehensively review the available evidence on COVID-19/influenza vaccine co-administration and combination vaccine candidates from the standpoints of safety, immunogenicity, efficacy, policy and public acceptance. While several observational studies have shown that the trained immunity induced by influenza vaccines can protect against some COVID-19-related endpoints, it is not yet understood whether co-administration or combination vaccines can exert additive effects on relevant outcomes. In randomized controlled trials, co-administration has proved safe, with a reactogenicity profile similar to that of either vaccine administered alone. From the immunogenicity standpoint, the immune response towards four influenza strains and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in co-administration groups is generally non-inferior to that seen in groups receiving either vaccine alone. Several public health authorities have advocated co-administration. Different combination vaccine candidates are in (pre)-clinical development. The hesitancy towards vaccine co-administration or combination vaccines is a multifaceted phenomenon and may be higher than the acceptance of either vaccine administered separately. Public health implications are discussed.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）和流感是目前有有效疫苗的主要呼吸道病毒。同时接种新冠病毒疫苗和流感疫苗或将二者合并为单一制剂的策略具有优势，可能会提高疫苗接种率。在此，我们从安全性、免疫原性、有效性、政策和公众接受度的角度，全面回顾了关于新冠病毒/流感疫苗联合接种和联合疫苗候选产品的现有证据。虽然多项观察性研究表明，流感疫苗诱导的训练免疫可预防一些与新冠病毒相关的结局，但联合接种或联合疫苗是否能对相关结果产生叠加效应尚不清楚。在随机对照试验中，联合接种已证明是安全的，其反应原性与单独接种任何一种疫苗相似。从免疫原性角度来看，联合接种组对四种流感毒株和SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的免疫反应通常不劣于单独接种任何一种疫苗的组。多个公共卫生当局已倡导联合接种。不同的联合疫苗候选产品正处于临床前或临床开发阶段。对联合接种疫苗或联合疫苗的犹豫是一个多方面的现象，可能高于对单独接种任何一种疫苗的接受度。本文还讨论了其对公共卫生的影响。
