Anti-inflammatory activity of the water extract of leaf.

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the water extract of leaf (WESCL) was evaluated for the first time. WESCL exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing the cell metamorphosis, the production of nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages while showing no cytotoxic effect to the cells. Furthermore, an study revealed that WESCL could alleviate the disease development of osteoarthritis (OA) and decrease the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mice. Chemical composition analysis indicated that WESCL contained high amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponins, with the total content being 30.6 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 38.2 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, 100.5 mg oleanolic acid equivalent (OAE)/g, respectively. The present study successfully identified WESCL as a naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory agent, supporting its potent application for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.