Medical School, Nine of July University (Uni9), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
Epidemiology Department, Public Health School, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
World J Pediatr. 2022 Jul;18(7):472-481. doi: 10.1007/s12519-022-00543-3. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common type of birth defects, affecting millions of newborns every year; no prevalence data are available in São Paulo State, Brazil's most populous state. The objective is to identify trends in prevalence and risk factors for CHD in São Paulo State, Brazil.
We developed a population-based study to estimate the CHD trend of prevalence in recent years, stratified by maternal age and geographical clusters, using all cases of CHD identified by the Live Births Information System (SINASC-Sistema de Informação Sobre Nascidos Vivos) from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018. We calculated the trends of prevalence, the regression coefficient (β), the annual percent change (APC), and 95% confidence interval using the Prais-Winsten regression model, with the Durbin-Watson test.
We found 10,594 cases of CHD among 8,536,101 live births (LB), a prevalence of 12.4/10,000 LB. There was no difference in the sex distribution; they are primarily Caucasian (60.2%), 75.2% born at term, and 74.4% weight > 2500 g, 66.9% of births were by cesarean section. São Paulo State presented an increasing CHD trend of prevalence (APC = 18.9%). The highest CHD prevalence rate was in mothers aged ≥ 35 years (22.2/10,000 LB). There were 12,271 specific congenital heart defects among 10,594 patients (1.16 CHD/patient). Atrial septal defect has the highest number of cases (3835), with a prevalence of 4.49/10,000 LB, corresponding to 31.3% of all CHD.
CHD had an increasing prevalence trend in recent years, being highest in São Paulo City and ≥ 35-year mothers.
先天性心脏病（CHD）是最常见的出生缺陷类型，每年影响数百万新生儿；巴西人口最多的州圣保罗州没有患病率数据。本研究旨在确定巴西圣保罗州 CHD 的患病率趋势和危险因素。
我们开展了一项基于人群的研究，使用 2005 年 1 月 1 日至 2018 年 12 月 31 日期间通过活产信息系统（SINASC-Sistema de Informação Sobre Nascidos Vivos）识别的所有 CHD 病例，按母亲年龄和地理簇分层，估计近年来 CHD 的患病率趋势。我们使用 Prais-Winsten 回归模型计算了患病率的趋势、回归系数（β）、年变化百分比（APC）和 95%置信区间，并使用 Durbin-Watson 检验进行了检验。
我们在 8536101 例活产中发现了 10594 例 CHD，患病率为 12.4/10000 例。性别分布无差异，主要为白种人（60.2%），75.2%足月出生，74.4%体重>2500g，66.9%为剖宫产。圣保罗州 CHD 的患病率呈上升趋势（APC=18.9%）。母亲年龄≥35 岁的 CHD 患病率最高（22.2/10000 例）。在 10594 例患者中，有 12271 例特定的先天性心脏病（1.16 例 CHD/例）。房间隔缺损的病例数最多（3835 例），患病率为 4.49/10000 例，占所有 CHD 的 31.3%。
近年来 CHD 的患病率呈上升趋势，在圣保罗市和≥35 岁的母亲中患病率最高。
