Aranda J V, Chemtob S, Laudignon N, Sasyniuk B I
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986 Oct;78(4 Pt 2):773-80. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(86)90060-6.
Theophylline is an effective respiratory stimulant for apnea of prematurity. In the newborn, theophylline stimulates the central nervous system, particularly the respiratory center, leading to decreased apnea frequency and increased ventilation. Neonates appear to be more sensitive to the cardiovascular effect of theophylline; tachycardia occurs at plasma concentrations of 13 mg/L. Minimal effects on renal and gastrointestinal function are observed at therapeutic doses. Augmentation in oxygen consumption and alteration in glucose homeostasis may occur, even at therapeutic doses. If used appropriately, the drug is safe and effective for the treatment of neonatal apnea.
茶碱是治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的一种有效呼吸兴奋剂。在新生儿中，茶碱刺激中枢神经系统，尤其是呼吸中枢，从而导致呼吸暂停频率降低和通气增加。新生儿似乎对茶碱的心血管效应更为敏感；血浆浓度达到13mg/L时会出现心动过速。治疗剂量下对肾脏和胃肠道功能的影响极小。即使在治疗剂量下，也可能会出现耗氧量增加和葡萄糖稳态改变。如果使用得当，该药物治疗新生儿呼吸暂停安全有效。
