College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 15;830:154820. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154820. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Utilization of renewable energy has become a current energy development trend. In this study, the water footprints of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and a compressed natural gas vehicle (CNG) under different fuel scenarios were evaluated. The FCEV exhibits a low water footprint of 27.2 L/100 km under steam methane reforming hydrogen production technology. Hydrogen production using steam methane reforming and water electrolysis via wind can enable the FCEV industry to save more water resources. The percentage difference between different metallic materials in automobiles was analyzed. The water consumption by steel accounted for 73.6% and 80.5%, respectively. The fluctuation law of the water footprint was analyzed based on different power structures and steel water consumption coefficients. It was found that for low steel water consumption coefficient, wind power generation is conducive to slowing down the water consumption during the entire life cycle. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed for the FCEV and CNG under different fuel scenarios. Fuel technology and material structure have a significant impact on the total water footprint. The results of this study can provide guidance for the layout of the automobile industry and for water-saving measures in the future.
可再生能源的利用已成为当前能源发展的趋势。本研究评估了不同燃料情景下燃料电池电动汽车（FCEV）和压缩天然气汽车（CNG）的水足迹。在蒸汽甲烷重整制氢技术下，FCEV 的水足迹低至 27.2 L/100km。使用蒸汽甲烷重整和水电解制氢通过风力发电，可使 FCEV 行业节约更多水资源。分析了汽车中不同金属材料的百分比差异。钢铁的耗水量分别占 73.6%和 80.5%。根据不同的电力结构和钢水耗系数分析了水足迹的波动规律。结果表明，对于低钢水耗系数，风力发电有利于减缓整个生命周期的耗水量。此外，还对不同燃料情景下的 FCEV 和 CNG 进行了敏感性分析。燃料技术和材料结构对总水足迹有重大影响。本研究结果可为汽车行业布局和未来节水措施提供指导。
