Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 15;830:154740. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154740. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway for the input of anthropogenic and natural nutrients to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, previous measurements focused mainly on hotspot locations, ignoring the fact that the deposition magnitudes of various nutrient species (e.g., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)) at a national scale should be investigated jointly. To better characterize national scale bulk deposition, precipitation samples were collected at 41 sites across China from September 2015 to August 2016 and September 2017 to August 2018. The bulk deposition fluxes of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) over the network were 27.5 kg N ha yr and 0.92 kg P ha yr, respectively. Contributions of NH, NO, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to TN averaged 32%, 32%, and 36%, respectively. Significant spatial and seasonal variations in concentrations and deposition fluxes of all nutrient species were observed reflecting effects of local reactive nitrogen (Nr) and P emissions and rainfall amount. Major sources were energy resource consumption for NO, agricultural activities for NH, and a mixed contribution of both anthropogenic and natural sources for DON and TP. Atmospheric N and P deposition represent important external nutrient inputs to ecosystems and a high ratio of TN to TP (29.9) may induce relative P-limitation and further increase the risk of eutrophication. This work reveals a new map of atmospheric N and P deposition and identifies regions where emissions should be controlled to mitigate long-term impacts of atmospheric deposition over China.
大气沉降是人为和自然养分输入陆地和水生生态系统的重要途径。然而，以前的测量主要集中在热点地区，忽略了一个事实，即在国家范围内，各种营养物质（如氮（N）、磷（P））的沉降量应该共同调查。为了更好地描述国家尺度的总沉降，我们于 2015 年 9 月至 2016 年 8 月和 2017 年 9 月至 2018 年 8 月在中国 41 个站点收集了降水样本。该网络的总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的总沉降通量分别为 27.5 kg N ha yr 和 0.92 kg P ha yr。TN 中 NH、NO 和溶解有机氮（DON）的贡献分别平均为 32%、32%和 36%。所有营养物质浓度和沉降通量均表现出显著的空间和季节性变化，反映了当地活性氮（Nr）和 P 排放以及降雨量的影响。主要来源是能源消耗产生的 NO、农业活动产生的 NH 以及人为和自然来源共同贡献的 DON 和 TP。大气 N 和 P 沉降是生态系统重要的外部养分输入，高的 TN 与 TP 比值（29.9）可能导致相对 P 限制，并进一步增加富营养化的风险。这项工作揭示了大气 N 和 P 沉降的新图谱，并确定了应控制排放的区域，以减轻大气沉降对中国的长期影响。
