Addai Kwabena Nyarko, Ng'ombe John N, Temoso Omphile
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Department of Agribusiness, Applied Economics and Agriscience Education, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA.
Soc Indic Res. 2022;163(2):661-689. doi: 10.1007/s11205-022-02913-w. Epub 2022 Mar 22.
We examined gender-based household welfare differences in Ghana among smallholder households. We measured disparities in welfare outcomes (food poverty, vulnerability, and food consumption inequality) across male and female household heads and identified the set of covariates influencing them. The study utilizes a dataset from a farm household survey undertaken in Northern Ghana from October to December 2018. A multistage sampling approach was adopted in selecting 900 farm households. The Oaxaca-Blinder mean and Recentered Inference Function decomposition techniques highlighted the sources of gender differentials in household welfare outcomes. The findings indicate a significant gap in food consumption expenditure per capita and household dietary diversity scores between male- and female- headed households, and these gaps are as high as 28.2% and 18.1%, respectively. However, there are no statistically significant differences in vulnerability to food poverty between male- and female-headed households. The Lorenz curves confirm inequality in gendered households' food consumption expenditure and dietary diversity scores. This study highlights the existence of systemic female-headed household vulnerability to food poverty in Ghana. This study provides significant evidence of the need for policymakers to address food systems' structural deficiencies and inequalities with gender in mind.
我们研究了加纳小农户家庭中基于性别的家庭福利差异。我们衡量了男性和女性户主家庭在福利结果（粮食贫困、脆弱性和粮食消费不平等）方面的差距，并确定了影响这些结果的协变量集。该研究使用了2018年10月至12月在加纳北部进行的农户调查数据集。在选择900个农户时采用了多阶段抽样方法。奥克萨卡-布林德均值和重新中心化推断函数分解技术突出了家庭福利结果中性别差异的来源。研究结果表明，男性和女性户主家庭在人均粮食消费支出和家庭饮食多样性得分方面存在显著差距，这些差距分别高达28.2%和18.1%。然而，男性和女性户主家庭在粮食贫困脆弱性方面没有统计学上的显著差异。洛伦兹曲线证实了性别化家庭在粮食消费支出和饮食多样性得分方面的不平等。这项研究凸显了加纳女性户主家庭在粮食贫困方面存在系统性脆弱性。该研究为政策制定者在考虑性别的情况下解决粮食系统的结构性缺陷和不平等问题提供了重要证据。
