Suhonen Jukka, Ilvonen Jaakko J, Korkeamäki Esa, Nokkala Christina, Salmela Jukka
Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland.
Finnish Environment Institute SYKE Helsinki Finland.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 6;12(3):e8648. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8648. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Understanding the risk of local extinction of a species is vital in conservation biology, especially now when anthropogenic disturbances and global warming are severely changing natural habitats. Local extinction risk depends on species traits, such as its geographical range size, fresh body mass, dispersal ability, length of flying period, life history variation, and how specialized it is regarding its breeding habitat. We used a phylogenetic approach because closely related species are not independent observations in the statistical tests. Our field data contained the local extinction risk of 31 odonate (dragonflies and damselflies) species from Central Finland. Species relatedness (i.e., phylogenetic signal) did not affect local extinction risk, length of flying period, nor the geographical range size of a species. However, we found that closely related species were similar in hind wing length, length of larval period, and habitat of larvae. Both phylogenetically corrected (PGLS) and uncorrected (GLM) analysis indicated that the geographical range size of species was negatively related to local extinction risk. Contrary to expectations, habitat specialist species did not have higher local extinction rates than habitat generalist species nor was it affected by the relatedness of species. As predicted, species' long larval period increased, and long wings decreased the local extinction risk when evolutionary relatedness was controlled. Our results suggest that a relatively narrow geographical range size is an accurate estimate for a local extinction risk of an odonate species, but the species with long life history and large habitat niche width of adults increased local extinction risk. Because the results were so similar between PGLS and GLM methods, it seems that using a phylogenetic approach does not improve predicting local extinctions.
了解物种的局部灭绝风险在保护生物学中至关重要，尤其是在当前人为干扰和全球变暖正在严重改变自然栖息地的情况下。局部灭绝风险取决于物种特征，例如其地理分布范围大小、新鲜体重、扩散能力、飞行期长度、生活史变异以及其繁殖栖息地的专业化程度。我们采用了系统发育方法，因为在统计测试中，亲缘关系相近的物种并非独立观测值。我们的实地数据包含了来自芬兰中部的31种蜻蜓目（蜻蜓和豆娘）物种的局部灭绝风险。物种亲缘关系（即系统发育信号）并不影响物种的局部灭绝风险、飞行期长度或地理分布范围大小。然而，我们发现亲缘关系相近的物种在后翅长度、幼虫期长度和幼虫栖息地方面相似。系统发育校正（PGLS）分析和未校正（GLM）分析均表明，物种的地理分布范围大小与局部灭绝风险呈负相关。与预期相反，栖息地特化物种的局部灭绝率并不高于栖息地泛化物种，也不受物种亲缘关系的影响。正如预测的那样，在控制进化亲缘关系的情况下，物种较长的幼虫期会增加局部灭绝风险，而较长的翅膀则会降低局部灭绝风险。我们的结果表明，相对较窄的地理分布范围大小是蜻蜓目物种局部灭绝风险的准确估计指标，但具有长生活史和成年个体较大栖息地生态位宽度的物种会增加局部灭绝风险。由于PGLS和GLM方法的结果非常相似，似乎采用系统发育方法并不能改善对局部灭绝的预测。
