Montgomery W Ian, Elwood Robert W, Dick Jaimie T A
School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 7;12(3):e8500. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8500. eCollection 2022 Mar.
The introduction of non-native species to new locations is a growing global phenomenon with major negative effects on native species and biodiversity. Such introductions potentially bring competitors into contact leading to partial or total species replacements. This creates an opportunity to study novel species interactions as they occur, with the potential to address the strength of inter- and intraspecific interactions, most notably competition. Such potential has often not been realized, however, due to the difficulties inherent in detecting rapid and spatially expansive species interactions under natural field conditions. The invasive amphipod crustacean has replaced a native species, , in river and lake systems across Europe. This replacement process is at least partially driven by differential parasitism, cannibalism, and intraguild predation, but the role of interspecific competition has yet to be resolved. Here, we examine how abundance of an invasive species may affect spatial niche breadth of a native congeneric species. We base our analyses of niche breadth on ordination and factor analysis of biological community and physical parameters, respectively, constituting a summative, multidimensional approach to niche breadth along environmental gradients. Results derived from biological and environmental niche criteria were consistent, although interspecific effects were stronger using the biological niche approach. We show that the niche breadth of the native species is constrained as abundance of the invader increases, but the converse effect does not occur. We conclude that the interaction between invasive . and native . . under natural conditions is consistent with strong interspecific competition whereby a native, weaker competitor is replaced by a superior invasive competitor. This study indicates a strong role of interspecific competition, alongside other known interactions such as differential intraguild predation, in rapid and expansive species replacements following biological invasions.
将非本地物种引入新地点是一个日益普遍的全球现象，对本地物种和生物多样性具有重大负面影响。此类引入可能会使竞争者接触，导致部分或全部物种被取代。这为研究新出现的物种相互作用创造了机会，有可能确定种间和种内相互作用的强度，尤其是竞争强度。然而，由于在自然野外条件下检测快速且空间扩展的物种相互作用存在固有困难，这种潜力往往尚未实现。入侵性的双足甲壳类动物已在欧洲各地的河流和湖泊系统中取代了本地物种 。这种取代过程至少部分是由不同的寄生、同类相食和集团内捕食驱动的，但种间竞争的作用尚未得到解决。在这里，我们研究入侵物种的丰度如何影响本地同属物种的空间生态位宽度。我们分别基于生物群落和物理参数的排序和因子分析来分析生态位宽度，这构成了一种沿着环境梯度对生态位宽度进行总结性的多维度方法。尽管使用生物生态位方法时种间效应更强，但从生物和环境生态位标准得出的结果是一致的。我们表明，随着入侵者丰度的增加，本地物种的生态位宽度受到限制，但反之则不成立。我们得出结论，在自然条件下，入侵性的 与本地的 之间的相互作用符合强烈的种间竞争，即本地较弱的竞争者被优势入侵竞争者所取代。这项研究表明，种间竞争在生物入侵后快速且广泛的物种取代中发挥着重要作用，同时还有其他已知的相互作用，如不同的集团内捕食。
