Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Pharmacol. 2022 Jan-Feb;54(1):51-57. doi: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_519_21.
The use of monoclonal antibodies has expanded beyond the realm of autoimmune disease and cancer therapeutics to communicable diseases. Their antiviral activities were evaluated in some diseases such as SARS MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and Ebola. In recent times, antispike SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody cocktails (casirivimab with imdevimab and bamlanivimab with etesevimab) and single agent sotrovimab have received emergency use authorization for treatment of nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild-to-moderate disease at high risk of disease progression. This review summarizes their mechanism of action, salient pharmacokinetic profile, safety and clinical trial (ongoing and completed) data. Despite evidence to support its use for the indication, the high cost of these biologics may make it unaffordable for many patients, but further clinical studies on their cost-benefit profile shall provide useful information to the scientific community and patients.
单克隆抗体的应用已经超越了自身免疫性疾病和癌症治疗领域，扩展到了传染病领域。它们的抗病毒活性已在一些疾病中得到评估，如 SARS、MERS（中东呼吸综合征）和埃博拉。最近，抗刺突 SARS-CoV-2 的单克隆抗体鸡尾酒（casirivimab 联合 imdevimab 和 bamlanivimab 联合 etesevimab）和单药 sotrovimab 已获得紧急使用授权，用于治疗有进展为疾病高危风险的非住院 COVID-19 轻症至中度患者。这篇综述总结了它们的作用机制、显著的药代动力学特征、安全性和临床试验（正在进行和已完成）数据。尽管有证据支持将其用于该适应证，但这些生物制剂的高成本可能使许多患者无法负担，但对其成本效益的进一步临床研究将为科学界和患者提供有用的信息。
