Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Austria.
Scand J Public Health. 2023 May;51(3):391-402. doi: 10.1177/14034948221079060. Epub 2022 Mar 27.
We investigated if the risk of long-term unemployment (LTU) and disability pension (DP) differs between young refugees and non-refuge immigrants compared to the Swedish-born. The role of age at arrival, duration of residency and morbidity in this association was also investigated.
All 19- to 25-year-olds residing in Sweden on 31 December 2004 (1691 refugees who were unaccompanied by a parent at arrival, 24,697 accompanied refugees, 18,762 non-refugee immigrants and 621,455 Swedish-born individuals) were followed from 2005 to 2016 regarding LTU (>180 days annually) and DP using nationwide register data. Cox regression models were used to estimate crude and multivariate-adjusted (adjusted for several socio-demographic, labour market and health-related covariates) hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals.
Compared to the Swedish-born, all migrant groups had around a 1.8-fold higher risk of LTU (range aHR=1.71-1.83) and around a 30% lower risk of DP (range aHR=0.66-0.76). Older age at arrival was associated with a higher risk of LTU only for non-refugee immigrants. Both older age at arrival and a shorter duration of residency were associated with a lower risk of DP for all migrant groups. Psychiatric morbidity had the strongest effect on subsequent DP, with no significant differences between migrant groups and the Swedish-born (range aHR=5.1-6.1).
我们研究了与瑞典出生者相比，年轻难民和非难民移民的长期失业（LTU）和残疾养老金（DP）风险是否不同。还研究了到达年龄、居住时间和发病率在这种关联中的作用。
所有在 2004 年 12 月 31 日居住在瑞典的 19 至 25 岁人群（抵达时无父母陪伴的 1691 名难民、24697 名陪同难民、18762 名非难民移民和 621455 名瑞典出生者）从 2005 年至 2016 年期间，使用全国性登记数据，对 LTU（每年>180 天）和 DP 进行了随访。使用 Cox 回归模型，根据多项社会人口统计学、劳动力市场和与健康相关的协变量，对未调整（调整了几项社会人口统计学、劳动力市场和与健康相关的协变量）和多变量调整（校正了几个社会人口统计学、劳动力市场和与健康相关的协变量）的危险比（aHR）进行了估计，并给出了 95%置信区间。
与瑞典出生者相比，所有移民群体的 LTU 风险都高出约 1.8 倍（范围 aHR=1.71-1.83），DP 风险则低 30%左右（范围 aHR=0.66-0.76）。非难民移民的到达年龄越大，LTU 的风险越高。所有移民群体的到达年龄越大和居住时间越短，DP 的风险越低。精神疾病对随后的 DP 影响最大，移民群体与瑞典出生者之间没有显著差异（范围 aHR=5.1-6.1）。
