Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Building 234 (iC Enterprise 1), Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Building 234 (iC Enterprise 1), Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2022 May;129:104208. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104208. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
BACKGROUND: For many years there has been concern that new graduate nurses may not have been adequately prepared for the workplace, often framed in terms of whether they are work ready or practice ready and able to deal with the 'reality shock' of transitioning from student to clinician. This has prompted significant research to investigate the practice readiness of new graduate nurses. OBJECTIVES: Identify what is known about the practice readiness of new graduate nurses upon commencement of employment, how practice readiness changes over their first year of employment and explore the factors which influence practice readiness. DESIGN: Scoping review of existing reviews guided by the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley, with search results based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify literature reviews synthesising evidence about new graduate nurses, work readiness, practice readiness, competency and transition to practice. New graduate nurses were defined as nurses who were working in any clinical setting as a nurse within their first year of employment after graduation. Database searching was supplemented with snowball searching and limited to English language papers published between 2011 and 2020. Full-text copies of included reviews were imported into an NVivo (Version 12) database to facilitate analysis and synthesis of findings. RESULTS: Forty-five reviews were included. The findings indicate that transition is influenced by a wide range of intrapersonal, interpersonal and organisational factors, many of which are beyond the control of new graduate nurses. The findings also suggest that, overall, there are no major concerns about the practice readiness of new graduate nurses consistently supported by strong evidence. However, there is evidence to suggest that they 'lack confidence' during the first few months of employment. CONCLUSIONS: The 'receptivity' of the clinical environment to new graduate nurses appears to be a critical influence on their experience of transitioning from student to clinician and can also influence their readiness for the role of a registered nurse. Rather than focusing on the question of whether new graduate nurses are adequately prepared for the workplace, it may be time to shift the question to whether the workplace is ready to support new graduate nurses. The findings suggest two research priorities for advancing our understanding of workplace support for new graduate nurses.
背景:多年来,人们一直担心新毕业的护士可能没有接受过充分的工作准备,通常从他们是否具备工作准备或实践准备以及能否应对从学生到临床医生的“现实冲击”的角度来阐述。这促使人们进行了大量研究来调查新毕业护士的实践准备情况。
目的:确定新毕业护士在开始就业时的实践准备情况,以及他们在第一年就业期间的实践准备情况如何变化,并探讨影响实践准备情况的因素。
设计:在 Arksey 和 O'Malley 制定的框架指导下,对现有的综述进行范围审查,搜索结果基于系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明。
方法:在 MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Web of Science 上搜索,以确定综合新毕业护士、工作准备、实践准备、能力和过渡到实践的证据的文献综述。新毕业护士被定义为在毕业后的头一年在任何临床环境中作为护士工作的护士。数据库搜索辅以滚雪球搜索,并限于 2011 年至 2020 年期间发表的英文论文。纳入的综述全文副本被导入 NVivo(版本 12)数据库,以方便分析和综合发现。
结果:共纳入 45 篇综述。研究结果表明,过渡受到广泛的个人、人际和组织因素的影响,其中许多因素超出了新毕业护士的控制范围。研究结果还表明,总体而言,没有强有力的证据表明新毕业护士的实践准备存在重大问题。然而,有证据表明他们在就业的头几个月“缺乏信心”。
结论:临床环境对新毕业护士的“接受程度”似乎对他们从学生到临床医生的过渡经历有重要影响,也会影响他们对注册护士角色的准备情况。与其关注新毕业护士是否为工作场所做好了充分准备的问题,不如将问题转移到工作场所是否准备好支持新毕业护士。研究结果为推进我们对新毕业护士工作场所支持的理解提出了两个研究重点。
Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2006-9
Nurse Educ Today. 2023-12
Int J Nurs Stud. 2019-2-26
Nurs Rep. 2025-7-30
Healthcare (Basel). 2025-3-19