Brown Charles R, Hannebaum Stacey L, Eaton-Clark Andrew, Booth Warren, O'Brien Valerie A
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
School of Science and Mathematics, Tulsa Community College-Metro Campus, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2022 Apr 22;51(2):513-520. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvac015.
The survival of insects that are dormant in winter may either increase or decrease as a consequence of elevated winter temperatures under climate change. Warming can be deleterious when metabolism of the overwintering life stages increases to the point that energy reserves are exhausted before postoverwintering reemergence. We examined experimentally how overwintering survival of swallow bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Cimex vicarius Horvath), an ectoparasite primarily of cliff swallows (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae: Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot), was affected by a 3°C rise in mean daily temperature for populations in Oklahoma, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Adult and nymphal swallow bugs exposed to elevated temperature had an average reduction of approximately 31% in overwintering survival (from July/August to April/May), relative to controls exposed to current region-specific ambient-like conditions. Adult males in both groups survived less well in Nebraska and North Dakota than adult males in Oklahoma, but there was no consistent latitudinal effect of the elevated heat treatment. Our results indicate that projected increases in mean temperature in the Great Plains by 2050 could result in fewer swallow bugs surviving the winter and thus a reduced population size upon the arrival of their primary host in the spring, potentially affecting cliff swallow reproductive success, site use, and breeding phenology. Global climate change may alter the dynamics of host-parasite systems by reducing overall parasite abundance.
在气候变化的影响下，冬季处于休眠状态的昆虫的存活率可能会增加，也可能会降低。当越冬生命阶段的新陈代谢增加到在越冬后重新出现之前能量储备就已耗尽的程度时，变暖可能是有害的。我们通过实验研究了平均日温度升高3°C对俄克拉荷马州、内布拉斯加州和北达科他州的巢蛾（半翅目：臭虫科：Cimex vicarius Horvath）越冬存活率的影响，巢蛾是主要寄生于崖燕（雀形目：燕科：崖沙燕Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot）的一种体外寄生虫。相对于暴露于当前特定区域类似环境条件的对照组，暴露于高温下的成年和若虫巢蛾的越冬存活率（从7月/8月到4月/5月）平均降低了约31%。两组中的成年雄性在内布拉斯加州和北达科他州的存活率都低于俄克拉荷马州的成年雄性，但高温处理没有一致的纬度效应。我们的结果表明，到2050年大平原地区预计的平均温度升高可能会导致越冬存活的巢蛾减少，从而使其主要宿主在春季到来时种群规模减小，这可能会影响崖燕的繁殖成功率、栖息地利用和繁殖物候。全球气候变化可能会通过减少寄生虫的总体数量来改变宿主 - 寄生虫系统的动态。
