Cognition Research Group, Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
Arch Sex Behav. 2022 Aug;51(6):2759-2780. doi: 10.1007/s10508-022-02290-y. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Body gaze behavior is assumed to be a key feature of sexual objectification. However, there are few self-report gaze measures available and none capturing behavior which seeks to invite body gaze from others. Across two studies, we used existing self-report instruments and measurement of eye movements to validate a new self-report scale to measure pervasive body gaze behavior and body gaze provocation behavior in heterosexual women and men. In Study 1, participants (N = 1021) completed a survey with newly created items related to pervasive body gaze and body gaze provocation behavior. Participants also completed preexisting measures of body attitudes, sexual assault attitudes, pornography use, and relationship status. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses across independent samples suggested a 12-item scale for men and women to separately measure pervasive body gaze (5 items) and body gaze provocation (7 items) toward the opposite sex. The two scales yielded excellent internal consistency estimates (.86-.89) and promising convergent validity via positive correlations with body and sexual attitudes. In Study 2, a subsample (N = 167) of participants from Study 1 completed an eye-tracking task to capture their gaze behavior toward matched images of partially and fully dressed female and male subjects. Men exhibited body-biased gaze behavior toward all the female imagery, whereas women exhibited head-biased gaze behavior toward fully clothed male imagery. Importantly, self-reported body gaze correlated positively with some aspects of objectively measured body gaze behavior. Both scales showed good test-retest reliability and were positively correlated with sexual assault attitudes.
身体注视行为被认为是性客体化的一个关键特征。然而，现有的自我报告注视测量方法很少，也没有捕捉到试图吸引他人注视身体的行为。在两项研究中，我们使用现有的自我报告工具和眼球运动测量来验证一种新的自我报告量表，以测量异性恋女性和男性普遍的身体注视行为和身体注视挑衅行为。在研究 1 中，参与者（N=1021）完成了一项包含新创建的与普遍身体注视和身体注视挑衅行为有关的项目的调查。参与者还完成了与身体态度、性侵犯态度、色情制品使用和关系状况有关的预先存在的测量。独立样本的探索性和验证性因素分析表明，对于男性和女性，有一个 12 项的量表分别用于测量异性的普遍身体注视（5 项）和身体注视挑衅（7 项）。这两个量表具有极好的内部一致性估计值（.86-.89），并且通过与身体和性态度的正相关，具有良好的收敛效度。在研究 2 中，研究 1 中的一个子样本（N=167）完成了一项眼动追踪任务，以捕捉他们对部分和完全穿着女性和男性受试者的匹配图像的注视行为。男性对所有女性图像表现出身体偏向的注视行为，而女性对完全穿着的男性图像表现出头部偏向的注视行为。重要的是，自我报告的身体注视与客观测量的身体注视行为的某些方面呈正相关。这两个量表都具有良好的重测信度，并且与性侵犯态度呈正相关。
