Orr Russell J S, Di Martino Emanuela, Ramsfjell Mali H, Gordon Dennis P, Berning Björn, Chowdhury Ismael, Craig Sean, Cumming Robyn L, Figuerola Blanca, Florence Wayne, Harmelin Jean-Georges, Hirose Masato, Huang Danwei, Jain Sudhanshi S, Jenkins Helen L, Kotenko Olga N, Kuklinski Piotr, Lee Hannah E, Madurell Teresa, McCann Linda, Mello Hannah L, Obst Matthias, Ostrovsky Andrew N, Paulay Gustav, Porter Joanne S, Shunatova Natalia N, Smith Abigail M, Souto-Derungs Javier, Vieira Leandro M, Voje Kjetil L, Waeschenbach Andrea, Zágoršek Kamil, Warnock Rachel C M, Liow Lee Hsiang
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
Sci Adv. 2022 Apr;8(13):eabm7452. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7452. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data for 395 cheilostomes and combine these with 315 published sequences to infer relationships and the timing of key events among c. 500 cheilostome species. We find that named cheilostome genera and species are phylogenetically coherent, rendering fossil or contemporary specimens readily delimited using only skeletal morphology. Our phylogeny shows that parental care in the form of brooding evolved several times independently but was never lost in cheilostomes. Our fossil calibration, robust to varied assumptions, indicates that the cheilostome lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossil record of cheilostomes in the Late Jurassic.
系统发育关系和进化事件的时间对于理解更长时间尺度上的进化至关重要。唇口目苔藓虫是一类广泛存在、物种丰富的海洋群体生物，拥有出色的化石记录，但缺乏从分子数据推断出的系统发育关系。我们展示了395种唇口目苔藓虫的基因组浅层数据，并将这些数据与315个已发表的序列相结合，以推断约500种唇口目苔藓虫物种之间的关系和关键事件的时间。我们发现，命名的唇口目苔藓虫属和物种在系统发育上是连贯的，仅使用骨骼形态就可以很容易地界定化石或当代标本。我们的系统发育树表明，以育幼形式存在的亲代抚育独立进化了几次，但在唇口目苔藓虫中从未消失。我们的化石校准对各种假设具有稳健性，表明唇口目苔藓虫谱系及其亲代抚育可能起源于古生代，比侏罗纪晚期已知的唇口目苔藓虫最早化石记录要早得多。
