Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
Violence Vict. 2022 Apr 1;37(2):277-293. doi: 10.1891/VV-D-20-00027.
The relationship between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) is well-documented, but less is known about factors that contribute to the expression of PTSS following community violence exposure, particularly among emerging adults of color. Utilizing the Person-Environment Interaction model (Slaug et al., 2018), this study examined the role of relational factors, specifically ethnic identity, community cohesion, and social support, associated with PTSS following exposure to community violence. Participants included 243 emerging adult university students of color ( = 20.27, = 1.95, 83.5% female). Linear regression analyses indicated that less frequent trauma exposure and greater perceived social support were related to lower PTSS. A significant interaction was also found between social support and exposure to community violence, such that at low levels of social support, individuals with more community violence exposure had the highest levels of PTSS. Regression and moderation analyses indicated that ethnic identity and community cohesion were not significantly associated with PTSS in this sample. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating social support strategies in treatments for PTSS following community violence exposure.
创伤暴露与创伤后应激症状（PTSS）之间的关系已有充分记录，但对于导致社区暴力暴露后出现 PTSS 的因素知之甚少，特别是在有色人种的年轻成年人中。本研究利用人际关系互动模型（Slaug 等人，2018 年），研究了与社区暴力暴露后出现 PTSS 相关的关系因素，特别是族裔认同、社区凝聚力和社会支持的作用。参与者包括 243 名有色人种的年轻成年大学生（ = 20.27， = 1.95，83.5%为女性）。线性回归分析表明，创伤暴露的频率较低和感知到的社会支持较大与较低的 PTSS 相关。还发现社会支持与社区暴力暴露之间存在显著的交互作用，即社会支持水平较低时，遭受更多社区暴力暴露的个体具有最高水平的 PTSS。回归和调节分析表明，在该样本中，族裔认同和社区凝聚力与 PTSS 没有显著关联。研究结果强调了在社区暴力暴露后治疗 PTSS 中纳入社会支持策略的重要性。
