School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Center for Connected and Automated Transportation (CCAT), Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2022 Jun;170:106643. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106643. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Pedestrians may be the most vulnerable group among road users, and mobile phone use while crossing the street is ubiquitous worldwide in this information era. However, previous studies have found that such distracting behaviors may increase the risk of injury and death. The present study primarily aimed to explore the effect of reinforcement sensitivity theory components (i.e., Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Approach System (BAS)), risk perception, attitudes towards red light running, and fear of missing out (FoMO) on mobile phone use while crossing the street among pedestrians. Risk perception was measured in three ways (i.e., assessing the probability of a negative outcome (RP-Pro), judging the severity of the consequence (RP-Se), and evaluating the general riskiness of the behavior (RP-Ri)). An online questionnaire survey was conducted, and only valid responses (N = 425) were used for subsequent data analyses. The results indicated significant differences in the responses across the risk perception questions with different focuses. Participants who reported engaging in more distracted street-crossing (i.e., high-risk takers) perceived a significantly lower risk, and this difference did not depend on the focus of risk perception. Three path analysis models with differential risk perception constructs (RP-Pro, RP-Se, and RP-Ri) were developed to examine the relationship between risk perception and distracted street-crossing. The results suggest that the relationship between these two variables does not depend on the focus of the risk perception questions. Moreover, FoMO was a predictor of mobile phone use while crossing the street, while attitudes had both direct and indirect effects on behavior. BIS and BAS had the lowest total effect on mobile phone use among pedestrians. In particular, a direct association between BAS and distracted street-crossing was found only in the model in which risk perception was measured by judging the severity of crashes caused by mobile phone use distraction. This study may be meaningful for understanding the associations between psychological factors and mobile phone use among pedestrians. The implications of the findings for the development of safety interventions are discussed in this study.
行人可能是道路使用者中最脆弱的群体，在这个信息时代，全球范围内行人在过马路时使用手机的现象无处不在。然而，先前的研究发现，这种分散注意力的行为可能会增加受伤和死亡的风险。本研究主要旨在探讨强化敏感性理论成分（即行为抑制系统（BIS）、行为趋近系统（BAS））、风险感知、对闯红灯的态度和错失恐惧（FoMO）对行人过马路时使用手机的影响。风险感知通过三种方式进行衡量（即评估负面结果的可能性（RP-Pro）、判断后果的严重程度（RP-Se）和评估行为的总体风险程度（RP-Ri））。进行了在线问卷调查，仅使用有效回复（N=425）进行后续数据分析。结果表明，参与者对不同关注点的风险感知问题的回答存在显著差异。报告参与更多分心过街行为（即高风险承担者）的参与者感知到的风险显著较低，而且这种差异不依赖于风险感知的重点。使用具有不同风险感知结构（RP-Pro、RP-Se 和 RP-Ri）的三个路径分析模型来检验风险感知与分心过街之间的关系。结果表明，这两个变量之间的关系不依赖于风险感知问题的重点。此外，错失恐惧是行人过马路时使用手机的一个预测因素，而态度对行为有直接和间接的影响。BIS 和 BAS 对行人使用手机的总影响最低。特别是，仅在通过判断手机使用分心导致的撞车严重程度来衡量风险感知的模型中，发现 BAS 与分心过街之间存在直接关联。本研究对于理解行人的心理因素与手机使用之间的关联可能具有重要意义。本研究讨论了这些发现对安全干预措施发展的意义。
