Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 11;13:822616. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822616. eCollection 2022.
The AID/APOBEC family which converts cytidine to uridine on RNA or DNA experienced dynamic expansion in primates in order to resist exogenous viruses and endogenous retrotransposons. Recently, expansion of AID/APOBEC-like homologs has also been observed in the extant jawless vertebrate lamprey. To reveal what causes such expansion and leads to the functional diversification of lamprey cytosine deaminases (CDAs), we reassessed the genes in (Lj). We first confirmed the expansion of () genes and found the expression correlation of LjCDA2 and LjCDA1L2 with LjVLRs (variable lymphocyte receptors). Among up to 14 LjCDA1L1 proteins, LjCDA1L1_4a has an extremely high deamination activity on ssDNA and buDNA and, unexpectedly, on dsDNA. LjCDA1L1s can also restrict the infection of HSV-1 particles. Thus, the arms race between the host and pathogens along with the recruitment by VLR assembly may participate together to form a driving force in the expansion and diversification of the lamprey AID/APOBEC family.
AID/APOBEC 家族可将 RNA 或 DNA 中的胞嘧啶转换为尿嘧啶，在灵长类动物中为了抵抗外源病毒和内源性逆转录转座子而经历了动态扩张。最近，在现存的无颚脊椎动物七鳃鳗中也观察到了 AID/APOBEC 样同源物的扩张。为了揭示导致这种扩张的原因以及导致七鳃鳗胞嘧啶脱氨酶 (CDAs) 功能多样化的原因，我们重新评估了 （Lj）中的 基因。我们首先证实了 （）基因的扩张，并发现 LjCDA2 和 LjCDA1L2 与 LjVLRs（可变淋巴细胞受体）的表达相关性。在多达 14 种 LjCDA1L1 蛋白中，LjCDA1L1_4a 在 ssDNA 和 buDNA 上具有极高的脱氨活性，出乎意料的是，在 dsDNA 上也具有极高的脱氨活性。LjCDA1L1s 还可以限制 HSV-1 颗粒的感染。因此，宿主与病原体之间的军备竞赛以及 VLR 组装的招募可能共同参与形成了七鳃鳗 AID/APOBEC 家族扩张和多样化的驱动力。
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