Abade Dos Santos Fábio A, Dalton Kevin P, Carvalho Carina L, Casero María, Álvarez Ángel L, Parra F, Duarte Margarida D
Laboratório De Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I.P. (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.
CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Jul;69(4):1684-1690. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14540. Epub 2022 Apr 9.
Myxomatosis is an emergent disease in the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis). In this species, the disease is caused by a natural recombinant virus (ha-myxoma virus [MYXV]) identified for the first time in 2018 and has since been responsible for a large number of outbreaks in Spain and Portugal. The ha-MYXV, which harbours a 2.8 Kb insert-disrupting gene M009L, can also infect and cause disease in wild and domestic rabbits, despite being less frequently identified in rabbits. During the laboratory investigations of wild leporids found dead in Portugal carried out within the scope of a Nacional Surveillance Plan (Dispatch 4757/17, MAFDR), co-infection events by classic (MYXV) and naturally recombinant (ha-MYXV) strains were detected in both one Iberian hare and one European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus). These two cases were initially detected by a multiplex qPCR detection of MYXV and ha-MYXV and subsequently confirmed by conventional PCR and sequencing of the M009L gene, which contains an ha-MYXV-specific insertion. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of co-infection by classic MYXV and ha-MYXV strains either in Iberian hare or in European wild rabbit. It is also the first report of infection of an Iberian hare by a classic MYXV strain. These findings highlight the continuous evolution of the MYXV and the frequent host range changes that justify the nonstop monitoring of the sanitary condition of wild Leporidae populations in the Iberian Peninsula.
黏液瘤病是伊比利亚野兔（Lepus granatensis）中的一种新出现的疾病。在该物种中，这种疾病由一种于2018年首次鉴定出的天然重组病毒（野兔黏液瘤病毒[ha-MYXV]）引起，自那时起已在西班牙和葡萄牙引发了大量疫情。尽管在家兔中较少发现，但携带一个2.8 Kb插入片段破坏基因M009L的ha-MYXV也能感染野生和家兔并导致疾病。在一项国家监测计划（第4757/17号公函，MAFDR）范围内对在葡萄牙发现死亡的野生兔科动物进行的实验室调查中，在一只伊比利亚野兔和一只欧洲野兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus）中均检测到经典（MYXV）和天然重组（ha-MYXV）毒株的共同感染事件。这两例最初通过对MYXV和ha-MYXV的多重qPCR检测发现，随后通过常规PCR和对包含ha-MYXV特异性插入片段的M009L基因进行测序得到证实。据我们所知，这是伊比利亚野兔或欧洲野兔中经典MYXV和ha-MYXV毒株共同感染的首次文献报道。这也是经典MYXV毒株感染伊比利亚野兔的首次报道。这些发现突出了MYXV的持续进化以及宿主范围的频繁变化，并证明有必要持续监测伊比利亚半岛野生兔科动物种群的健康状况。
