School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 May;301:114937. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114937. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
The associations between time pressure and health are typically conceptualised and examined as unidirectional. This study examined the reciprocal relationships between time pressure and mental and physical health amongst working mothers of preschool children; a high-risk group for feeling time pressured. Using 5 waves of a panel study of Australian mothers when their children were aged 0-4 (n = 3878) and cross-lagged structural equation models, we find strong significant negative reciprocal associations between time pressure and mental and physical health, although these reciprocal associations were stronger and more consistent over time for mental health. Our results indicate that physical health takes a couple of years to deteriorate to a point where the reciprocal effects with time pressure become apparent, but for mental health the reciprocal effects are immediate, present at all time points and consistently strong. Findings suggest there are significant reciprocal health consequences of the time pressure experienced by working mothers and government policy encouraging mothers back into the workforce without adequate supports may be harmful for health.
时间压力与健康之间的关系通常被概念化为单向的。本研究检验了工作中的幼儿母亲（感到时间紧迫的高风险群体）的时间压力与身心健康之间的相互关系。该研究使用了澳大利亚母亲的一项面板研究的 5 个波次，当他们的孩子年龄在 0-4 岁时（n=3878），并采用交叉滞后结构方程模型，我们发现时间压力与身心健康之间存在强烈的显著负向相互关系，尽管这些相互关系在时间上对心理健康的影响更强且更一致。我们的研究结果表明，身体健康需要几年的时间才能恶化到与时间压力的相互影响变得明显的程度，但对于心理健康，相互影响是即时的，在所有时间点都存在且始终保持强劲。研究结果表明，工作中的母亲所经历的时间压力对健康有重大的相互影响，如果政府政策鼓励母亲在没有足够支持的情况下重返劳动力市场，可能会对健康造成伤害。
